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Revisão Produção Nacional Revisado por pares

BIBTEX RIS

Canine visceral leishmaniasis biomarkers and their employment in vaccines

2019; Elsevier BV; Volume: 271; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.05.006

1873-2550

Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti, Patricia Balthazar, Lucilene Aparecida Resende, Jaqueline Costa Leite, Otoni Alves de Oliveira Melo-Júnior, Marina Luiza Rodrigues Alves, Laís Moreira Costa, Daniel Ferreira Lair, Vinícius Rossi Chaves, Ingrid dos Santos Soares, Ludmila Zanandreis de Mendonça, Mariana Ferreira Lanna, Helen Silva Ribeiro, Ana Alice Maia-Gonçalves, Thaiza Aline Pereira Santos, Bruno Mendes Roatt, Rodrigo Dian de Oliveira Aguiar‐Soares, Juliana Vitoriano-Souza, Nádia das Dores Moreira, Fernando Augusto Siqueira Mathias, Jamille Mirelle de Oliveira Cardoso, Wendel Coura‐Vital, Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino, Kelvinson Fernandes Viana, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, Denise Silveira-Lemos, Walderez Ornelaz Dutra, Alexandre Barbosa Reis,

Vector-borne infectious diseases

The natural history of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) has been well described, particularly with respect to the parasite load in different tissues and immunopathological changes according to the progression of clinical forms. The biomarkers evaluated in these studies provide support for the improvement of the tools used in developing vaccines against CVL. Thus, we describe the major studies using the dog model that supplies the rationale for including different biomarkers (tissue parasitism, histopathology, hematological changes, leucocytes immunophenotyping, cytokines patterns, and in vitroco-culture systems using purified T-cells subsets and macrophages infected with L. infantum) for immunogenicity and protection evaluations in phases I and II applied to pre-clinical and clinical vaccine trials against CVL. The search for biomarkers related to resistance or susceptibility has revealed a mixed cytokine profile with a prominent proinflammatory immune response as relevant for Leishmania replication at low levels as observed in asymptomatic dogs (highlighted by high levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α and decreased levels in IL-4, TGF-β and IL-10). Furthermore, increased levels in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets, presenting intracytoplasmic proinflammatory cytokine balance, have been associated with a resistance profile against CVL. In contrast, a polyclonal B-cell expansion towards plasma cell differentiation contributes to high antibody production, which is the hallmark of symptomatic dogs associated with high susceptibility in CVL. Finally, the different studies used to analyze biomarkers have been incorporated into vaccine immunogenicity and protection evaluations. Those biomarkers identified as resistance or susceptibility markers in CVL have been used to evaluate the vaccine performance against L. infantum in a kennel trial conducted before the field trial in an area known to be endemic for visceral leishmaniasis. This rationale has been a guiding force in the testing and selection of the best vaccine candidates against CVL and provides a way for the veterinary industry to register commercial immunobiological products.