First Report of Fusarium Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae on Passion Fruit in Portugal
2019; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 103; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-01-19-0134-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresEva García, Diana Sofia Paiva, Joana Costa, António Portugal, Aitana Ares,
Tópico(s)Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 10First Report of Fusarium Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae on Passion Fruit in Portugal PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Fusarium Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae on Passion Fruit in PortugalE. Garcia, D. Paiva, J. Costa, A. Portugal, and A. AresE. GarciaFitoLab, Laboratory for Phytopathology, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, PortugalCentre for Functional Ecology – Science for People and the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, D. PaivaFitoLab, Laboratory for Phytopathology, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, PortugalCentre for Functional Ecology – Science for People and the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, J. CostaFitoLab, Laboratory for Phytopathology, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, PortugalCentre for Functional Ecology – Science for People and the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal, A. PortugalFitoLab, Laboratory for Phytopathology, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, PortugalCentre for Functional Ecology – Science for People and the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal, and A. Ares†Corresponding author: A. Ares; E-mail Address: ayebra@ipn.pthttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0871-0800FitoLab, Laboratory for Phytopathology, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, PortugalCentre for Functional Ecology – Science for People and the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations E. Garcia1 2 D. Paiva1 2 J. Costa1 2 3 A. Portugal1 2 3 A. Ares1 2 † 1FitoLab, Laboratory for Phytopathology, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal 2Centre for Functional Ecology – Science for People and the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 3Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal Published Online:7 Aug 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-19-0134-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Passion fruit, Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis, is native to Central and South America and is commercialized in most of the tropical and subtropical zones of the world. Many of the producing countries see their expansion limited owing to the presence of various plant pathogens that challenge the development of this crop (Teixeira et al. 2016). Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae, the causal agent of vascular wilt, is responsible for significant economic losses (Silva et al. 2013). This disease was first reported in Australia in 1950 and later in South Africa, Malaysia, Brazil, Panama, and Venezuela (Ortiz and Hoyos-Carvajal et al. 2016). In July 2018, severe wilting symptoms were observed in 1-year-old plants of P. edulis in a greenhouse in Aveiro (Central Region of Portugal). Dark brown vascular discoloration was present in the roots and lower stems of the plants, similar to the symptoms reported in North America on this host (Rooney-Latham et al. 2011). Symptoms were seen on approximately 25% of the plants. The surface of the roots and stems from two plants were sterilized in bleach at 10% before placing them on potato dextrose agar (PDA) or malt extract agar (MEA). In these plants, F. oxysporum colonies were consistently isolated from symptomatic roots and stems on PDA and MEA. The morphology of the colonies and conidia was assessed onto PDA and Spezieller-Nährstoffarmer agar (SNA). Colonies were pinkish violet with chlamydospores, and multiseptate macroconidia and microconidia formed in masses on monophialidic conidiophores. One isolate was recovered and used for all further experiments. Molecular characterization of the EF-1α region was performed as previously described (Sharma et al. 2018). The BLAST analysis of the amplicon (MK430070) showed 100% similarity with an isolate of F. oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae from North America (JF332039) and 99% similarity with an isolate from Australia (KX434919). A portion of the β-tubulin gene was amplified as previously described (Glass and Donaldson 1995) and sequenced with primers Bt2a and Bt2b (MK430071). The analysis of the amplicon showed 99% similarity with an isolate from Brazil (AF008540). To fulfill Koch's postulates, inoculations were performed on four 6-month-old plants of P. edulis with 12 true leaves: one control plant and three inoculated plants. A conidial spore suspension was prepared by inoculating MEA liquid medium with 10 mycelium plugs of F. oxysporum grown on SNA for 5 days. The concentration was adjusted to 1 × 106 spores/ml. Plant roots were washed and cut approximately 5 cm from the terminal apices and submerged in the conidial spore suspension for 20 min. The process with the control plant was the same, but it was submerged in sterile water. All plants were planted in 125-cm3 pots and kept in a 25°C growth chamber with a 12-h photoperiod. Symptoms were observed on the inoculated plants within 3 weeks and included wilt, chlorotic yellow leaves with subsequent defoliation and necrotic roots. No symptoms were observed on the control plant. F. oxysporum reisolated from the symptomatic root and stem tissue from all the inoculated plants was morphologically and genetically identical to the original isolate. F. oxysporum was not isolated from the control plant. F. oxysporum strain MUM 18.58 has been deposited in the culture collection of Micoteca of the Universidade do Minho (Braga, Portugal).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Glass, N. L., and Donaldson, G. C. 1995. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 6:1323. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarOrtiz, E., and Hoyos-Carvajal, L., 2016. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 11:1569. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2015.10448 Crossref, Google ScholarRooney-Latham, S., et al. 2011. Plant Dis. 95:1478. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-11-0261 Link, ISI, Google ScholarSharma, K. D., et al. 2018. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 27:342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-018-0443-0 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarSilva, A., et al. 2013. Trop. Plant Pathol. 38:236. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-56762013005000008 Crossref, Google ScholarTeixeira, L. M., et al. 2016. Rev. Bras. Frutic. 39:415. Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: J. Costa acknowledges financial support by postdoctoral grants from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) SFRH/BPD/112157/2015. A. Ares acknowledges financial support by postdoctoral grants from FCT/MEC through national funds and the co-funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement, and COMPETE 2020, within the projects UID/BIA/04004/2013 and "Valorização dos Recursos Naturais Endógenos da Região Centro" – ReNATURE CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000007.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 10 October 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionBell pepper cv. Bomby infected with zucchini yellow mosaic virus along with cucumber mosaic virus, pepper mild mottle virus, and tobacco mosaic virus (Verma et al.). Photo credit: S. 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