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Physical and Chemical Properties of Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) and Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) Fibers

2018; The Korean Society of Wood Science Technology; Volume: 46; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.5658/wood.2018.46.4.393

2233-7180

Renny Purnawati, Fauzi Febrianto, Nyoman J Wistara, Siti Nikmatin, Wahyu Hidayat, Seung Hwan Lee, Nam–Hun Kim,

Advanced Cellulose Research Studies

Natural fibers derived from lignocellulosic materials are considered to be more environment-friendly than petroleum-based synthetic fibers. Several natural fibers, such as seedpod fibers, have a potential for development, including kapok and balsa fibers. The characteristics of both fibers were evaluated to determine their suitability for specific valuable applications. The purpose of this study was to analyze some important fundamental properties of kapok and balsa fibers, including their dimensions, morphology, chemical components, and wettability. The results showed that the average fiber lengths for kapok and balsa were 1.63 and 1.30 cm, respectively. Kapok and balsa fibers had thin cell walls and large lumens filled with air. The kapok fiber was composed of 38.09% α-cellulose, 14.09% lignin, and 2.34% wax content, whereas the balsa fiber was composed 44.62% α-cellulose, 16.60% lignin, and 2.29% wax content. The characteristics of kapok and balsa fibers were examined by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. The contact angle of the distilled water on kapok and balsa fibers was more than 90°, indicating that both fibers are hydrophobic with low wettability properties because of to the presence of wax on the fiber surface.