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Apple Pomace Extract as a Sustainable Food Ingredient

2019; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Volume: 8; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.3390/antiox8060189

2076-3921

Pedro A.R. Fernandes, Sónia S. Ferreira, Rita Bastos, Isabel Ferreira, Maria Teresa Cruz, António Pinto, Elisabete Coelho, Cláudia P. Passos, Manuel A. Coimbra, Susana M. Cardoso, Dulcineia F. Wessel,

Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity

Apple pomace is a by-product of apple processing industries with low value and thus frequent disposal, although with valuable compounds. Acidified hot water extraction has been suggested as a clean, feasible, and easy approach for the recovery of polyphenols. This type of extraction allowed us to obtain 296 g of extract per kg of dry apple pomace, including 3.3 g of polyphenols and 281 g of carbohydrates. Ultrafiltration and solid-phase extraction using C18 cartridges of the hot water extract suggested that, in addition to the apple native polyphenols detected by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to a diode-array detector and mass spectrometry UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn, polyphenols could also be present as complexes with carbohydrates. For the water-soluble polyphenols, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were observed by inhibiting chemically generated hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and nitrogen monoxide radicals (NO•) produced in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. The water-soluble polyphenols, when incorporated into yogurt formulations, were not affected by fermentation and improved the antioxidant properties of the final product. This in vitro research paves the way for agro-food industries to achieve more diversified and sustainable solutions towards their main by-products.