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Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for thromboembolic prevention, are they safe in congenital heart disease? Results of a worldwide study

2019; Elsevier BV; Volume: 299; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.06.014

1874-1754

Hyeon‐Jong Yang, Berto J. Bouma, Konstantinos Dimopoulos, Paul Khairy, Magalie Ladouceur, Koichiro Niwa, Matthias Greutmann, Markus Schwerzmann, Alexander C. Egbe, Giancarlo Scognamiglio, Werner Budts, Gruschen Veldtman, Alexander R. Opotowsky, Craig S. Broberg, Lina Gumbienė, Folkert J. Meijboom, Tobias Rutz, Martijn C. Post, Tabitha G. Moe, Magdalena Lipczyńska, Shane Tsai, S. Chakrabarti, Daniel Tobler, William Davidson, Marielle Morissens, Arie P.J. van Dijk, Jonathan Buber, Judith Bouchardy, Kristofer Skoglund, Christina Christersson, Thomas Kronvall, Thelma C. Konings, Rafael Alonso-González, Atsushi Mizuno, Gary D. Webb, Monika Laukytė, Gertjan T. Sieswerda, Keri M. Shafer, Jamil Aboulhosn, Barbara J.M. Mulder,

Acute Myocardial Infarction Research

BackgroundCurrent guidelines consider vitamin K antagonists (VKA) the oral anticoagulant agents of choice in adults with atrial arrhythmias (AA) and moderate or complex forms of congenital heart disease, significant valvular lesions, or bioprosthetic valves, pending safety data on non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Therefore, the international NOTE registry was initiated to assess safety, change in adherence and quality of life (QoL) associated with NOACs in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD).MethodsAn international multicenter prospective study of NOACs in ACHD was established. Follow-up occurred at 6 months and yearly thereafter. Primary endpoints were thromboembolism and major bleeding. Secondary endpoints included minor bleeding, change in therapy adherence (≥80% medication refill rate, ≥6 out of 8 on Morisky-8 questionnaire) and QoL (SF-36 questionnaire).ResultsIn total, 530 ACHD patients (mean age 47 SD 15 years; 55% male) with predominantly moderate or complex defects (85%), significant valvular lesions (46%) and/or bioprosthetic valves (11%) using NOACs (rivaroxaban 43%; apixaban 39%; dabigatran 12%; edoxaban 7%) were enrolled. The most common indication was AA (91%). Over a median follow-up of 1.0 [IQR 0.0–2.0] year, thromboembolic event rate was 1.0% [95%CI 0.4–2.0] (n = 6) per year, with 1.1% [95%CI 0.5–2.2] (n = 7) annualized rate of major bleeding and 6.3% [95%CI 4.5–8.5] (n = 37) annualized rate of minor bleeding. Adherence was sufficient during 2 years follow-up in 80–93% of patients. At 1-year follow-up, among the subset of previous VKA-users who completed the survey (n = 33), QoL improved in 6 out of 8 domains (p ≪ 0.05).ConclusionsInitial results from our worldwide prospective study suggest that NOACs are safe and may be effective for thromboembolic prevention in adults with heterogeneous forms of congenital heart disease.