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Vertical Transmission of Zika Virus (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) in Amazonian Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Delays Egg Hatching and Larval Development of Progeny

2019; Oxford University Press; Volume: 56; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1093/jme/tjz110

1938-2928

Bárbara Aparecida Chaves, Ademir Bentes Vieira, Karine Renata Dias Silveira, Andréia da Costa Paz, Evelyn Beatriz da Costa Vaz, Raphaela Guedes Pereira Araujo, Nilton Barnabé Rodrigues, Thaís Bonifácio Campolina, Alessandra da Silva Orfanó, Rafael Nacif-Pimenta, Luís Eduardo Martinez Villegas, Fabrício Freire de Melo, Breno de Mello Silva, Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro, Maria das Graças Vale Barbosa Guerra, Marcus Lacerda, Douglas E. Norris, Nágila Francinete Costa Secundino, Paulo Filemon Paolucci Pimenta,

Malaria Research and Control

Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a globally important arbovirus and has been reported from all states of Brazil. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of an infective Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) or Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895). However, it is important to know if ZIKV transmission also occurs from Ae. aegypti through infected eggs to her offspring. Therefore, a ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV) free colony was established from eggs collected in Manaus and maintained until the third-fourth generation in order to conduct ZIKV vertical transmission (VT) experiments which used an infectious bloodmeal as the route of virus exposure. The eggs from ZIKV-infected females were allowed to hatch. The resulting F1 progeny (larvae, pupae, and adults) were quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assayed for ZIKV. The viability of ZIKV vertically transmitted to F1 progeny was evaluated by cultivation in C6/36 cells. The effects of ZIKV on immature development of Ae. aegypti was assessed and compared with noninfected mosquitoes. AmazonianAe. aegypti were highly susceptible to ZIKV infection (96.7%), and viable virus passed to their progeny via VT. Moreover, eggs from the ZIKV-infected mosquitoes had a significantly lower hatch rate and the slowest hatching. In addition, the larval development period was slower when compared to noninfected, control mosquitoes. This is the first study to illustrate VT initiated by oral infection of the parental population by using mosquitoes, which originated from the field and a ZIKV strain that is naturally circulating in-country. Additionally, this study suggests that ZIKV present in the Ae. aegypti can modify the mosquito life cycle. The data reported here suggest that VT of ZIKV to progeny from naturally infected females may have a critical epidemiological role in the dissemination and maintenance of the virus circulating in the vector.