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CTCF variants in 39 individuals with a variable neurodevelopmental disorder broaden the mutational and clinical spectrum

2019; Elsevier BV; Volume: 21; Issue: 12 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/s41436-019-0585-z

1530-0366

Enrico D.H. Konrad, Niels Nardini, Almuth Caliebe, Inga Nagel, Dana Young, Gabriella Horváth, Stephanie L. Santoro, Christine Shuss, Alban Ziegler, Dominique Bonneau, Marlies Kempers, Rolph Pfundt, Eric Legius, Arjan Bouman, Kyra E. Stuurman, Katrin Õunap, Sander Pajusalu, Monica H. Wojcik, Georgia Vasileiou, Gwenaël Le Guyader, Hege Marie Schnelle, Siren Berland, Evelien Zonneveld‐Huijssoon, Simone Kersten, Aditi Gupta, Patrick R. Blackburn, Marissa S. Ellingson, Matthew J. Ferber, Radhika Dhamija, Eric W. Klee, Meriel McEntagart, Klaske D. Lichtenbelt, Amy Kenney, Samantha A. Schrier Vergano, Rami Abou Jamra, Konrad Platzer, Mary Ella Pierpont, Divya Khattar, Robert J. Hopkin, Richard J. Martin, Marjolijn C.J. Jongmans, Vivian Y. Chang, Julián A. Martínez-Agosto, Outi Kuismin, Mitja Kurki, Olli Pietiläinen, Aarno Palotie, Timothy J. Maarup, Diana Johnson, Katja Venborg Pedersen, Lone Walentin Laulund, Sally Ann Lynch, Moira Blyth, Katrina Prescott, Natalie Canham, Rita Ibitoye, Eva H. Brilstra, Marwan Shinawi, Emily Fassi, Heinrich Sticht, Anne Gregor, Hilde Van Esch, Christiane Zweier,

Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities

Pathogenic variants in the chromatin organizer CTCF were previously reported in seven individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD).Through international collaboration we collected data from 39 subjects with variants in CTCF. We performed transcriptome analysis on RNA from blood samples and utilized Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the impact of Ctcf dosage alteration on nervous system development and function.The individuals in our cohort carried 2 deletions, 8 likely gene-disruptive, 2 splice-site, and 20 different missense variants, most of them de novo. Two cases were familial. The associated phenotype was of variable severity extending from mild developmental delay or normal IQ to severe intellectual disability. Feeding difficulties and behavioral abnormalities were common, and variable other findings including growth restriction and cardiac defects were observed. RNA-sequencing in five individuals identified 3828 deregulated genes enriched for known NDD genes and biological processes such as transcriptional regulation. Ctcf dosage alteration in Drosophila resulted in impaired gross neurological functioning and learning and memory deficits.We significantly broaden the mutational and clinical spectrum ofCTCF-associated NDDs. Our data shed light onto the functional role of CTCF by identifying deregulated genes and show that Ctcf alterations result in nervous system defects in Drosophila.