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Revision of the subfamily Pitarinae Stewart, 1930 ( Eucallista Dall, 1902; Austrocallista Erdmann & Morra, 1985; Proteopitar gen. nov.) from Cenozoic southern South America: systematic and phylogenetic analyses

2019; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 18; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/14772019.2019.1633695

1478-0941

Maximiliano Jorge Alvarez, Claudia J. del Río, Sergio Martı́nez,

Cephalopods and Marine Biology

Systematic and phylogenetic analyses of fossil and extant Pitarinae of the South-Western Atlantic Ocean and Chile have been performed. The group is represented by Eucallista Dall, 1902 Dall, W. H. 1902. Synopsis of the family Veneridae and of the North American Recent species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 26, 355–412.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar] (early Miocene–Recent), Austrocallista Erdmann & Morra, 1985 Erdmann, S. & Morra, G. 1985. Nuevos moluscos de la Formación San Julián, Provincia de Santa Cruz. Ameghiniana, 22(3–4), 289–295. [Google Scholar] (Eocene–Pliocene) and Proteopitar gen. nov. (middle Miocene–Recent). Eucallista and Austrocallista have sculptured nymphs and include species previously assigned to Amiantis Carpenter, 1864 Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Diagnoses of new forms of Mollusca collected at Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, by Mr. J. Xantus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, third series, 13, 311–315, 474–479; 14, 45–49.[Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]. Eucallista is represented by three species: the extant E. purpurata (Lamarck, 1818 Lamarck, P. A. 1818. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Volume 5. Verdière, Paris, 612 pp. [Google Scholar]) (Pleistocene–Recent, South-Western Atlantic Ocean from Golfo San Matías [Argentina] to Espirito Santo [Brazil]) and two fossil taxa, E. laziarina (Ihering, 1907 Ihering, H. von 1907. Les Mollusques fossils du Tertiaire et du Cretacé Superieur del'Argentina. Anales Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Serie, 3(7), 1–611. [Google Scholar]) from the Miocene and Pliocene of Chile, Argentina and Uruguay, and E. domeykoana (Philippi, 1887 Philippi, R. A. 1887. Fósiles terciarios y cuaternarios de Chile. Brockhaus, Leipzig, 266 pp. [Google Scholar]) from the Miocene and Pliocene of Chile and Peru. Austrocallista has four taxa: Austrocallista sp. from the Eocene of Santa Cruz Province, A. iheringi (Cossmann, 1898 Cossmann, M. 1898. Mollusques éocéniques de la Loire-inférieure. Appendice au second fascicule. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest de la France, 8, 1–55. [Google Scholar]) from the late Oligocene–middle Miocene of Patagonia, A. australis (Feruglio, 1935 Feruglio, E. 1935. Relaciones estratigráficas y faunísticas entre los estratos cretácicos y terciarios en la región austral del Lago Argentino y en la del Golfo San Jorge (Patagonia). Boletín de Informaciones Petroleras, 128, 69–93; 130, 65–100. [Google Scholar]) (lectotype MGGC 607) from the early Miocene of Santa Cruz Province, and A. boliviana (Philippi, 1887 Philippi, R. A. 1887. Fósiles terciarios y cuaternarios de Chile. Brockhaus, Leipzig, 266 pp. [Google Scholar]) from the Miocene and Pliocene of Chile and Peru. Proteopitar gen. nov. is erected to incorporate two species previously assigned to Pitar Römer, 1857 Römer, E. 1857. Kritische Untersuchung der Arten Molluschengeschlechts Marcia bei Linne und Gmelin mit Berucksichtigung der später beschriebenen Arten. Cassel, Luckhardt, 135 pp. [Google Scholar]: Proteopitar mutabilis (del Río & Martínez, 1998 del Río, C. J. & Martínez, S. 1998. El Mioceno marino en la Argentina y en el Uruguay. Moluscos marinos Miocenos de la Argentina y del Uruguay. Monografías de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales de Buenos Aires, 15, 6–25. [Google Scholar]) from the middle Miocene–late Miocene of Argentina and the Pleistocene–Recent species Proteopitar patagonicus (d'Orbigny, 1835–1847 d'Orbigny, A. 1835–1847. Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale (le Brésil, la République Orientale de l'Uruguay, la République Argentine, la Patagonie, la République du Chili, la République de Bolivia, la République du Perou), exécuté pendant les années 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833. P. Bertrand. Paris, V. Levrault, Strasbourg, 758 pp. (Pp. 489–758, 1846). Volume 5(3) Mollusques. [Google Scholar]) (from Rio de Janeiro [Brazil] to Bahía Vera [Chubut, Argentina]). These systematic hypotheses are corroborated by the phylogenetic analysis performed, which is the first one of the subfamily that includes fossil and extant taxa based on morphological characters of the shell. In addition, a new site on the coast of Río Negro Province which contains shells of the extant species is dated as 830 Ka BP (MIS21), being the oldest record of both extant species.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:16519263-4F9E-41AB-A009-EAC030681826