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Alien plants, animals, fungi and algae in Norway: an inventory of neobiota

2019; Springer Science+Business Media; Volume: 21; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1007/s10530-019-02058-x

1573-1464

Hanno Sandvik, Dag Dolmen, Reidar Elven, Tone Falkenhaug, Elisabet Forsgren, Haakon Hansen, Kristian Hassel, Vivian Husa, Gaute Kjærstad, Frode Ødegaard, Hans Christian Pedersen, Halvor Solheim, Bård G. Stokke, Per Arvid Åsen, Sandra Åström, Tor-Erik Brandrud, Hallvard Elven, Anders Endrestøl, Anders G. Finstad, Stein Fredriksen, Øivind Gammelmo, Jan Ove Gjershaug, Bjørn Gulliksen, Inger Sofie Hamnes, Bjørn Arild Hatteland, Hanne Hegre, Trygve Hesthagen, Anders Jelmert, Thomas C. Jensen, Stein Ivar Johnsen, Egil Karlsbakk, Christer Sven Magnusson, Kjell Harald Nedreaas, Björn Nordén, Eivind Oug, Oddvar Pedersen, Per Anker Pedersen, Kjersti Sjøtun, Jon Kristian Skei, Heidi Solstad, Leif Sundheim, Jon E. Swenson, Per Ole Syvertsen, Venche Talgø, Vigdis Vandvik, Kristine Bakke Westergaard, Rupert Wienerroither, Bjørnar Ytrehus, Olga Hilmo, Snorre Henriksen, Lisbeth Gederaas,

Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies

We present the results of an inventory and status assessment of alien species in Norway. The inventory covered all known multicellular neobiota, 2496 in total, 1039 of which were classified as naturalised. The latter constitute c. 3% of all species known to be stably reproducing in Norway. These figures are higher than expected from Norway’s latitude, which may be due a combination of climatic and historical factors, as well as sampling effort. Most of the naturalised neobiota were plants (71%), followed by animals (21%) and fungi (8%). The main habitat types colonised were open lowlands (79%), urban environments (52%) and woodlands (42%). The main areas of origin were Europe (67%), North America (15%) and Asia (13%). For most taxa, the rate of novel introductions seems to have been increasing during recent decades. Within Norway, the number of alien species recorded per county was negatively correlated with latitude and positively correlated with human population density. In the high-Arctic territories under Norwegian sovereignty, i.e. Svalbard and Jan Mayen, 104 alien species were recorded, of which 5 were naturalised.