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First Report of Colletotrichum nymphaeae Causing Anthracnose on Carya illinoinensis in Brazil
2019; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 103; Issue: 12 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-04-19-0896-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresTales Poletto, Marlove Fátima Brião Muniz, Elena Blume, Vinícius Spolaor Fantinel, Lia Rejane Silveira Reiniger, P. S. T. Brioso, Ricardo Harakava, Valdir Marcos Stefenon, Igor Poletto,
Tópico(s)Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 12First Report of Colletotrichum nymphaeae Causing Anthracnose on Carya illinoinensis in Brazil PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Colletotrichum nymphaeae Causing Anthracnose on Carya illinoinensis in BrazilT. Poletto, M. F. B. Muniz, E. Blume, V. S. Fantinel, L. R. S. Reiniger, P. S. T. Brioso, R. Harakava, V. M. Stefenon, and I. PolettoT. Polettohttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-6162-4445Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil, M. F. B. MunizDepartment of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil, E. Blume†Corresponding author: E. Blume; E-mail Address: elenablu@gmail.comDepartment of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil, V. S. FantinelDepartment of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil, L. R. S. ReinigerDepartment of Crop Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil, P. S. T. BriosoPhytosanitary Diagnostics Laboratory, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, R. HarakavaBiological Institute of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, V. M. StefenonNucleus of Molecular Ecology and Plant Micropropagation, Federal University of the Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil, and I. PolettoLaboratory of Biological Control and Plant Protection, Federal University of the Pampa, São Gabriel, BrazilAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations T. Poletto1 M. F. B. Muniz1 E. Blume1 † V. S. Fantinel1 L. R. S. Reiniger2 P. S. T. Brioso3 R. Harakava4 V. M. Stefenon5 I. Poletto6 1Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil 2Department of Crop Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil 3Phytosanitary Diagnostics Laboratory, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 4Biological Institute of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 5Nucleus of Molecular Ecology and Plant Micropropagation, Federal University of the Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil 6Laboratory of Biological Control and Plant Protection, Federal University of the Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil Published Online:26 Sep 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-19-0896-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Pecan production in Brazil occurs mainly in Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Paraná, and these states produce around 6,700 t/year. It is cultivated on small-scale family farms and commercial orchards with areas ranging from 0.5 to 150 ha. Since 2014, anthracnose symptoms have been observed in orchards in the municipality of Santa Maria (29° 41′ 22″ S, 53° 48′ 53″ W), Rio Grande do Sul. The infected fruit were dark, depressed, and covered with irregular-shaped lesions. These produced abundant acervuli filled with light orange conidia. The lesions expanded over time, resulting in abscission of the fruit. The disease occurred from January to March and intensified in years with rainy summers, with 20 to 60% fruit drop reported by the growers. On leaves, symptoms consisted of circular lesions up to 5 mm with clearly delineated and cracked centers, dark brown margins, and a surrounding yellowish halo. In February 2019, fruit and leaves of pecan seed trees were collected and surface disinfested with 70% ethanol for 30 s and 1% sodium hypochlorite for 5 min. Tissues were rinsed three times in sterile distilled water, placed in a humid chamber, and incubated at 25 ± 1°C with a photoperiod of 12 h. After 3 days, conidia from leaf and fruit lesions were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and grown for 7 days. Subsequently, pure cultures were obtained through monosporic isolation and grown in PDA medium at 25 ± 1°C for 8 days and photoperiod of 12 h, under fluorescent light. The leaf and fruit colonies had morphological characteristics similar to those of the samples collected from the field. The upper surface color of fungal colonies ranged from white to gray, and they were olive gray to pale orange on the reverse. The average daily growth was 9 mm in diameter. The conidia were hyaline, aseptate, cylindrical to clavate, displaying rounded to acute ends, with length and width ranging from 12.1 to 17.6 μm (mean = 14.5 μm) and 4.1 to 5.9 μm (mean = 5.1 μm), respectively, n = 50. Morphological characters were equivalent to the description of Colletotrichum nymphaeae (Damm et al. 2012). For molecular analysis, the fungus was isolated from the fruit, and the partial genes of actin (ACT) and calmodulin (CAL) were amplified and sequenced. The gene sequences of ACT (MK622275) and CAL (MK622276) were deposited in GenBank, and both showed 100% identity with C. nymphaeae (IDKP339276 and MH793688, respectively). Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, the fungus was identified as C. nymphaeae. Pathogenicity testing was performed in vivo using tissues from 20-year-old pecan seed trees. Ten fruit and leaflets were superficially disinfested with 70% ethanol and inoculated with 3-mm plugs of PDA medium containing C. nymphaeae acervuli and conidia. The control treatments received only PDA discs. The inoculated sites were wounded with a sterile needle to facilitate infection. The inoculated tissues were wrapped with a plastic bag containing moistened cotton, which was removed on the third day. The test was repeated three times. Symptoms similar to the original observations were on the spots inoculated with C. nymphaeae after 5 days on fruit and 7 days on leaflets. No symptoms were observed in the control treatments. Subsequently, the pathogen was isolated from the injured tissue, completing Koch's postulates. The species has already been reported to cause anthracnose on Carya illinoinensis in China (Zhang et al. 2019) and bitter rot on Malus × domestica Bork in Brazil (Velho et al. 2014). However, this is the first report of C. nymphaeae causing anthracnose in C. illinoinensis in Brazil. The identification of this pathogen will allow the study of strategies for managing the disease in Brazil.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Damm, U., et al. 2012. Stud. Mycol. 73:37. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0010 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarVelho, A. C., et al. 2014. Plant Dis. 98:567. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-13-0671-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarZhang, Y. B., et al. 2019. Plant Dis. 103:1432. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-18-1968-PDN Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 12 December 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionChlorotic symptom of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis infected by PMMoV-QJ (Wen et al.). Photo credit: M. F. Zhao. Symptoms of Puccinia triticina on wheat (Brar et al.). Photo credit: G. S. Brar. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 21 Nov 2019Published: 26 Sep 2019First Look: 31 Jul 2019Accepted: 29 Jul 2019 Pages: 3277-3277 Information© 2019 The American Phytopathological SocietyKeywordsfungipecanfruit and leaf pathogenThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited byFirst Report of Colletotrichum siamense causing Anthracnose on Pecan in ChinaKeer Zhuo, Cancan Zhu, R. Na, Yongdong Gao, Wenjun Zhao, Bo Zeng, Hao Luo, Yu Chen, Shijie Zhang, Wu Wang, Yanli Tian, Baishi Hu, and Yuqiang Zhao5 December 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 0, No. jaIdentification and characterization of Colletotrichum fioriniae and C. fructicola that cause anthracnose in pecan23 November 2022 | Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 13Colletotrichum nymphaeaeCABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumColletotrichum species and complexes: geographic distribution, host range and conservation status29 September 2021 | Fungal Diversity, Vol. 110, No. 1
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