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First Report of Colletotrichum nymphaeae Causing Anthracnose on Juglans regia Fruits in Southern Brazil
2019; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 103; Issue: 12 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-06-19-1199-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresLucas Graciolli Savian, Marlove Fátima Brião Muniz, Tales Poletto, Luciane Grendene Maculan, Jéssica Emília Rabuske, Elena Blume, Janaína Silva Sarzi,
Tópico(s)Plant pathogens and resistance mechanisms
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 12First Report of Colletotrichum nymphaeae Causing Anthracnose on Juglans regia Fruits in Southern Brazil PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Colletotrichum nymphaeae Causing Anthracnose on Juglans regia Fruits in Southern BrazilL. G. Savian, M. F. B. Muniz, T. Poletto, L. G. Maculan, J. E. Rabuske, E. Blume, and J. S. SarziL. G. Savian†Corresponding author: L. G. Savian; E-mail Address: lucassavian@hotmail.comhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-4398-7998Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, M. F. B. MunizUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, T. Polettohttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-6162-4445Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, L. G. MaculanUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, J. E. RabuskeUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, E. BlumeUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, and J. S. SarziUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations L. G. Savian † M. F. B. Muniz T. Poletto L. G. Maculan J. E. Rabuske E. Blume J. S. Sarzi Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Published Online:23 Oct 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-19-1199-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae) is the most cultivated walnut species in the world. The species is economically important to temperate climatic regions because of its edible nuts and high quality of wood (McGranahan and Leslie 1991). In South America the nut production is important, mainly in Chile, where 37 thousand hectares (ODEPA 2016) are cultivated. In southern Brazil it is cultivated in small farms for subsistence and small-scale sales. Since 2016, fruits with anthracnose symptoms were observed, showing dark (∼1.0 in diameter) irregular and depressed spots, in a walnut orchard (28°58′16″ S, 52°00′38″ W) in Anta Gorda, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The disease affected approximately 50% of the fruits, and the incidence was higher in rainy and hot summers. In January 2019, 20 symptomatic fruits were collected, disinfested for 1 min in 70% ethanol solution and 1% sodium hypochlorite, and subsequently washed in sterile water. The fruits were placed in a humidity chamber and incubated at 25 ± 2°C with a 12-h photoperiod. A single spore was used to obtain a pure culture, and the fungus was grown on Mathur culture medium (Mathur et al. 1950) for 7 days, with a 12-h photoperiod at 25 ± 2°C. The colonies showed pale salmon coloration on the underside of the plate, white aerial mycelium, orange conidial mass, and 8.4 mm/day mycelial growth (n = 6). The conidia were fusiform, hyaline, and unicellular, and the size 10.9 to 14.9 µm (mean = 13.3 µm, n = 30) × 3.7 to 5.4 µm (mean = 4.6 µm, n = 30). These morphological characteristics are consistent with the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex. After 15 days, acervuli were observed on Mathur culture medium, without the presence of setae. The appressoria were ovate and the size 9.0 to 15.0 µm (mean = 11.5 µm, n = 30) × 6.5 to 11.7 µm (mean = 9.5 µm, n = 30). To verify Koch's postulates, the pathogenicity test was carried out with 18 healthy fruit in the middle stage of development arranged in previously sterilized boxes containing two sheets of filter paper. Each fruit was inoculated with 100 μl of a spore suspension (106 conidia/ml), divided into six uniform drops, without wounding. The control was inoculated with sterile water. The boxes were kept at 25 ± 2°C, with a 12-h photoperiod. Symptoms identical to the collected fruits were observed 3 days after inoculation and were not observed in the control. The pathogen was recovered from inoculated fruits, fulfilling the Koch's postulates. The β-tubulin (βTUB) and actin (ACT) genes were amplified and sequenced with TUB2F/TUB4R and ACT512F/ACT783R primers. The sequences of βTUB (MK953924) and ACT (MK953925) genes were deposited in GenBank and showed a close genetic identity to the ex-epitype culture of C. nymphaeae (CBS 515.78), a 99% match to JQ949518 (ACT), and a 100% match to JQ949848 (βTUB). Morphological characteristics and molecular features identified the isolate as C. nymphaeae, based on the description in Damm et al. (2012). The fungal culture was deposited at the herbal SMDB of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (SMDB18317). In Brazil, C. nymphaeae has been reported causing anthracnose in Malus domestica B. (Velho et al. 2014). According to our knowledge, this is the first report of C. nymphaeae causing anthracnose on J. regia fruits in Brazil.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Damm, U., et al. 2012. Stud. Mycol. 73:37. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0010 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarMathur, R. S., et al. 1950. Phytopathology 40:104. ISI, Google ScholarMcGranahan, G., and Leslie, C. A. 1991. Acta Hortic.: 907. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1991.290.20 Crossref, Google ScholarODEPA. 2016. Frutales: Superficie y producción. Oficina de Estudios y Políticas Agrarias (ODEPA). https://www.odepa.gob.cl/publicaciones/articulos/nueces-chile-la-mayor-tasa-de-crecimiento-productivo-medio-anual. Google ScholarVelho, A. C., et al. 2014. Plant Dis. 98:567. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-13-0671-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 12 December 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionChlorotic symptom of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis infected by PMMoV-QJ (Wen et al.). Photo credit: M. F. Zhao. Symptoms of Puccinia triticina on wheat (Brar et al.). Photo credit: G. S. Brar. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 21 Nov 2019Published: 23 Oct 2019First Look: 9 Aug 2019Accepted: 8 Aug 2019 Page: 3287 Information© 2019 The American Phytopathological SocietyKeywordsphytopathogenwalnutβ-tubulinactinThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited byFirst Report of Colletotrichum nymphaeae Causing Walnut Anthracnose in ChinaY. X. Wang, X. W. Xu, F. Cai, F. X. Huang, W. S. Chen, and Q. Z. 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