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First Report of Colletotrichum fructicola and C. tropicale Causing Anthracnose on Orchids in Brazil
2019; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 103; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-03-19-0518-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresJ. R. A. Silva-Cabral, Jackeline Laurentino da Silva, L. da S. H. Soares, J. F. O. Costa, Edna Peixoto da Rocha Amorim, Gaus Silvestre de Andrade Lima, Iraíldes Pereira Assunção,
Tópico(s)Plant Pathogens and Resistance
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 10First Report of Colletotrichum fructicola and C. tropicale Causing Anthracnose on Orchids in Brazil PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Colletotrichum fructicola and C. tropicale Causing Anthracnose on Orchids in BrazilJ. R. A. Silva-Cabral, J. L. da Silva, L. da S. H. Soares, J. F. O. Costa, E. P. da R. Amorim, G. S. de A. Lima, and I. P. AssunçãoJ. R. A. Silva-Cabral†Corresponding author: J. R. A. Silva-Cabral; E-mail Address: [email protected]http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5878-3077Setor de Fitossanidade/Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, AL, 57100-000, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author, J. L. da SilvaSetor de Fitossanidade/Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, AL, 57100-000, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author, L. da S. H. SoaresSetor de Fitossanidade/Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, AL, 57100-000, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author, J. F. O. CostaSetor de Fitossanidade/Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, AL, 57100-000, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author, E. P. da R. AmorimSetor de Fitossanidade/Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, AL, 57100-000, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author, G. S. de A. LimaSetor de Fitossanidade/Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, AL, 57100-000, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author, and I. P. AssunçãoSetor de Fitossanidade/Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, AL, 57100-000, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations J. R. A. Silva-Cabral † J. L. da Silva L. da S. H. Soares J. F. O. Costa E. P. da R. Amorim G. S. de A. Lima I. P. Assunção Setor de Fitossanidade/Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, AL, 57100-000, Brazil Published Online:15 Aug 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-19-0518-PDNAboutSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat The cultivation of orchids has become an activity of global economic importance, including in Brazil (Anacleto et al. 2017). Between 2015 and 2016, species of the genus Cattleya and Phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) presented leaves with typical symptoms of anthracnose (small circular to elliptical necrotic lesions with irregular margins, measuring between 10 and 60 mm) in the state of Alagoas, in the northeast region of Brazil. Small pieces of tissue taken from the lesions were superficially disinfected in 70% ethanol for 30 s and in 1% NaClO for 1 min, rinsed in sterile water, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA, KASVI), and incubated at 25°C for 7 days. Four Colletotrichum single-spore isolates were obtained and stored in the Culture Collection of Phytopathogenic Fungi at the Universidade Federal de Alagoas (COUFAL0215, COUFAL0225, COUFAL0205, and COUFAL0217). From the total DNA, partial sequences of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and β-tubulin (TUB2) genes and the rDNA-ITS region (ITS) were amplified for the identification of the Colletotrichum species present in these orchids (Weir et al. 2012). BLASTn analyses showed 97 to 100% identity with sequences of species belonging to C. gloeosporioides complex, most of them being C. fructicola and C. tropicale, for all genes. After previous analysis in BLAST, a phylogenetic Bayesian inference analysis based on the combined data (GAPDH, TUB2, and ITS-rDNA) confirmed our isolates as C. fructicola and C. tropicale. The partial sequences obtained in this study were deposited in GenBank (MH939945, MH939953, MH939936, MH939937, MH939964, MH939963, MH939958, MH939959, MH939975, MH939977, MH939970, and MH939969). The alignment and tree were deposited into TreeBASE (accession no. 23874). The morpho-cultural characteristics of the isolates were evaluated after 7 days on PDA at 25°C. Two isolates presented cylindrical hyaline conidia with rounded ends and measured 10.63 to 26.36 × 3.62 to 6.94 μm (x¯ = 15.5 × 5.21 μm). Appressoria were brown, clavated, irregular, and globose and measured 8.08 to 20.29 × 4.2 to 14.89 µm (x¯ = 11.91 × 8.01 µm). Colonies were white with a white reverse and with a mean growth rate of 8.5 mm/day. The other two isolates presented cylindrical hyaline conidia with rounded ends and measured 10.62 to 18.11 × 2.04 to 6.26 μm (x¯ = 14.53 × 5.17 μm). Appressoria were brown, clavated, irregular, and globose and measured 4.69 to 15.23 × 3.97 to 11.05 µm (x¯ = 9.13 × 7.34 µm). Colonies were white with an orange reverse and orange with gray edges and white both front and back, with a mean growth rate of 10.55 mm/day. These characteristics matched with the species C. fructicola and C. tropicale, respectively. To confirm pathogenicity, mycelial PDA discs of 5 mm were taken from a 7-day-old culture from both species of Colletotrichum and deposited on healthy leaves of orchid plants superficially wounded with a sterilized needle, each inoculated in its original host. In control leaves, only PDA discs without fungal growth were used. Orchid plants were kept in a nursery at room temperature with the leaves inoculated in a humid chamber. After 5 to 7 days, circular necrotic lesions were observed on inoculated leaves. To fulfill Koch’s postulates, the isolates of the species C. fructicola and C. tropicale were successfully reisolated from inoculated leaves and morphologically identified using microscopy. The control leaves showed no symptoms. Although these species are well disseminated in the entire world and occur on a wide range of hosts (Veloso et al. 2018; Weir et al. 2012), they were never previously associated with orchids. This the first report of C. tropicale in Cattleya labiata and Cattleya maikai, and also of the species C. fructicola in Phalaenopsis sp. and Cattleya sp. (hybrid).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Anacleto, A et al. 2017. Connexio 6:91. Google ScholarVeloso, J. S., et al. 2018. Fungal Biol. 122:677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2018.03.005 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWeir, P. F., et al. 2012. Stud. Mycol. 73:115. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0011 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: Funding was provided by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas - FAPEAL and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) (grant no. 001).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 10 October 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionBell pepper cv. Bomby infected with zucchini yellow mosaic virus along with cucumber mosaic virus, pepper mild mottle virus, and tobacco mosaic virus (Verma et al.). Photo credit: S. Tripathi. Severe stunting, leaf chlorosis, and horizontal head growth of sunflower infected with Plasmopara halstedii, causal agent of downy mildew (Humann et al.). Photo credit: S. Markell. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 3 Oct 2019Published: 15 Aug 2019First Look: 6 Jun 2019Accepted: 5 Jun 2019 Pages: 2672-2672 Information© 2019 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas - FAPEALCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES)Grant/Award Number: 001KeywordsColletotrichumOrchidaceaemulti-locus phylogenyThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited byReclassification of the Main Causal Agent of Glomerella Leaf Spot on Apple into Colletotrichum chrysophilum in Southern Brazil and UruguayPaula Astolfi, Aline C. Velho, Victoria Moreira, Pedro E. Mondino, Sandra M. Alaniz, and Marciel J. Stadnik4 August 2022 | Phytopathology®, Vol. 112, No. 9Colletotrichum tropicaleCABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumPest categorisation of Colletotrichum fructicolaEFSA Journal, Vol. 19, No. 8Highly Contiguous Genome Resource of Colletotrichum fructicola Generated Using Long-Read SequencingXiaofei Liang, Mengyu Cao, Sen Li, Yuanyuan Kong, Jeffrey A. Rollins, Rong Zhang, and Guangyu Sun29 April 2020 | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Vol. 33, No. 6
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