First Report of Curvularia trifolii Causing Curvularia Blight in Agrostis stolonifera in South of Portugal
2019; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 104; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-03-19-0517-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresLuísa Coelho, C. Borrero, Francisco Ángel Bueno-Pallero, Carlos Guerrero, Filomena Fonseca, Mário Reis, M. Avilés, Lídia Dionísio,
Tópico(s)Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 1First Report of Curvularia trifolii Causing Curvularia Blight in Agrostis stolonifera in South of Portugal PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Curvularia trifolii Causing Curvularia Blight in Agrostis stolonifera in South of PortugalL. Coelho, C. Borrero, F. Bueno-Pallero, C. Guerrero, F. Fonseca, M. Reis, M. Avilés, and L. DionísioL. Coelho†Corresponding author: L. Coelho; E-mail Address: lcoelho6@gmail.comhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-4605Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 8005-139 Faro, PortugalMeditBio – Center for Mediterranean Bioresources and Food, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-191 Faro, Portugal, C. Borrerohttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-2518Departamento Ciencias Agroforestales, E.T.S.I.A., Universidad de Sevilla, C.P. 41013 Sevilla, Spain, F. Bueno-PalleroUniversidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 8005-139 Faro, PortugalMeditBio – Center for Mediterranean Bioresources and Food, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-191 Faro, PortugalCIMA Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-191 Faro, Portugal, C. GuerreroUniversidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 8005-139 Faro, PortugalMeditBio – Center for Mediterranean Bioresources and Food, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-191 Faro, Portugal, F. FonsecaUniversidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 8005-139 Faro, PortugalCIMA Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-191 Faro, Portugal, M. ReisUniversidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 8005-139 Faro, PortugalMeditBio – Center for Mediterranean Bioresources and Food, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-191 Faro, Portugal, M. Aviléshttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0077-0713Departamento Ciencias Agroforestales, E.T.S.I.A., Universidad de Sevilla, C.P. 41013 Sevilla, Spain, and L. DionísioUniversidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 8005-139 Faro, PortugalMeditBio – Center for Mediterranean Bioresources and Food, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-191 Faro, PortugalCIMA Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-191 Faro, Portugal AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations L. Coelho1 2 † C. Borrero3 F. Bueno-Pallero1 2 4 C. Guerrero1 2 F. Fonseca1 4 M. Reis1 2 M. Avilés3 L. Dionísio1 2 4 1Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal 2MeditBio – Center for Mediterranean Bioresources and Food, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-191 Faro, Portugal 3Departamento Ciencias Agroforestales, E.T.S.I.A., Universidad de Sevilla, C.P. 41013 Sevilla, Spain 4CIMA Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-191 Faro, Portugal Published Online:7 Nov 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-19-0517-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Algarve region (Portugal) has nearly 40 golf courses with a significant economic impact. Summer surveys on 10 golf courses detected an unknown disease on one course in 2009 and on another course in 2012 and 2013 at 29 to 30°C daily average. The second course had symptoms on about 25% of the turf of two putting greens. Diseased bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) had a green dappled pattern with irregular patches of turfgrass on yellowed leaves. Prior to decaying, affected leaves turned brown and then gray. Crown and leaf sheath infections resulted in dark brown dry rot. No lesions were observed on the roots. Leaves were surface disinfected with 5% commercial bleach (0.225% sodium hypochlorite) and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Ten fungal colonies grew from the leaf tissue, and brown mycelia, conidiophores, and conidia were observed under a microscope. Conidia were ventricose pyriform, mostly abruptly curved, 20 to 36 µm (30 µm, SD = 4) × 7 to 12 µm (10.5 µm, SD = 1.3) (n = 50), predominantly three-septate, with a prominent hilum and enlarged and darkened central cells. Colonies grown on PDA were black-brown with a black reverse side. Conidia differed in size, 15.4 to 24.6 µm (19.99 µm, SD = 3.00) × 6 to 11 μm (8.68 µm, SD = 1.54) (n = 50) and morphology (cylindrical or slightly curved). These characteristics were consistent with Curvularia trifolii (Kauffm.) Boedijn. (Ellis 1971; Falloon 1976; Khadka 2016). Species identification of the representative isolate A2 1.12 was confirmed by analysis of nucleotide sequences of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region using primers ITS1 and ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and GPDH gene region with primer set gpd (Koike et al. 2013). BLAST searches of GenBank showed a high similarity of the isolate ITS sequence (MG029439) to the reference sequence JN712458 of C. trifolii (99% identity) and GPDH sequence (MK570108) with LT715803.1 (97.88% identity). The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree showed that our isolate clustered with C. trifolii. The pathogenicity assay of this isolate was conducted in greenhouse on A. stolonifera ‘Penncross’. The isolate was grown on PDA (25°C, 10 days). Five pots (100 ml) were filled with a sand and peat mix (9:1 v/v) with 0.06 g of seeds per pot, covered with a fine sand layer. Turfgrass was cut once a week beginning 2 weeks after seeding and was fertigated with 0.5 g/liter of Peter’s foliar feed (27 + 15 + 12; N + P2O5 + K2O; and micronutrients; Scotts, Heerlen, The Netherlands). To obtain a conidial suspension for inoculation, cultured plates were scraped with a sterilized spreader and water. The suspension was filtered through a sterile gauze. Conidia were counted under a microscope (400×) with a hemocytometer. The suspension was adjusted to 8 × 103 conidia/ml, and 10 ml was sprayed per pot. Pots maintained humidity for 2 days under microtunnels. The first disease symptoms appeared 3 days after inoculation. Bentgrass from the five pots developed Curvularia blight and rotted crown symptoms. Control plants (five pots treated with water) did not display symptoms. This trial was repeated once. On PDA, C. trifolii was reisolated from leaf lesions and morphologically identified, confirming Koch’s postulates. Ellis (1971) referred to the presence of C. trifolii in Portugal, but no region, symptom description, or grass species was detailed. Sivanesan (1987) reported C. trifolii in Portugal only on Lolium multiflorum. Therefore, this is the first report of C. trifolii in Algarve, affecting A. stolonifera. This disease can increase maintenance costs in greens in this area.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Ellis, M. B. 1971. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CAB International, Wallingford, U.K. Google ScholarFalloon, R. E. 1976. N. Z. J. Agric. Res. 19:243. Google ScholarKhadka, R. B. 2016. Plant Dis. 100:1246. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-13-0720-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarKoike, S. T., et al. 2013. Plant Dis. 97:315. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-12-0611-RE Link, ISI, Google ScholarSivanesan A. 1987. Mycol. Pap. 158:1. Google ScholarWhite, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Crossref, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 1 January 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionStrawberry plant showing leaf blight caused by Pantoea ananatis FANS-1 (Bajpai et al.). Photo credit: B. Prithiviraj. Plasmopara velutina causing downy mildew on Impatiens balsamina (R. M. Silva et al.). Photo credit: R. W. Barreto. Metrics Downloaded 4,731 times Article History Issue Date: 2 Jan 2020Published: 7 Nov 2019First Look: 20 Aug 2019Accepted: 8 Aug 2019 Pages: 292-292 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyKeywordsfungipathogen detectionturfgrassThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited ByFungi causing leaf spot diseases in Lolium multiflorum in Brazil2 October 2021 | Mycological Progress, Vol. 20, No. 9Curvularia spicifera and Curvularia muehlenbeckiae causing leaf blight on Cunninghamia lanceolata13 May 2020 | Plant Pathology, Vol. 69, No. 6
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