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Challenges for Sustained Observing and Forecasting Systems in the Mediterranean Sea

2019; Frontiers Media; Volume: 6; Linguagem: Inglês

10.3389/fmars.2019.00568

2296-7745

Joaquı́n Tintoré, Nadia Pinardi, Enrique Álvarez-Fanjul, Eva Aguiar, Diego Álvarez‐Berastegui, Marco Bajo, Rosa Balbín, Roberto Bozzano, Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli, Vanessa Cardín, Benjamín Casas, M. Charcos-Llorens, Jacopo Chiggiato, Emanuela Clementi, Giovanni Coppini, Laurent Coppola, Gianpiero Cossarini, Alan Deidun, Salud Deudero, Fabrizio D’Ortenzio, Aldo Drago, Massimiliano Drudi, Ghada El Serafy, Romain Escudier, Patrick Farcy, Iván Federico, Juan Gabriel Fernández, Christian Ferrarin, María Cristina Fossi, Constantin Frangoulis, François Galgani, Slim Gana, Jesús García‐Lafuente, Marcos García Sotillo, Pierre Garreau, Isaac Gertman, Lluís Gómez‐Pujol, Alessandro Grandi, Daniel J. Hayes, Jaime Hernández-Lasheras, Barak Herut, Emma Heslop, Karim Hilmi, Melanie Juzà, George Kallos, Γεράσιμος Κορρές, Rita Lecci, Paolo Lazzari, Pablo Lorente, Svitlana Liubartseva, Férial Louanchi, Vlado Malačič, Gianandrea Mannarini, David March, Salvatore Marullo, Elena Mauri, Lőrinc Mészáros, Baptiste Mourre, Laurent Mortier, Cristian Muñoz-Mas, Antonio Novellino, Dominique Obaton, Alejandro Orfila, Ananda Pascual, Sara Pensieri, Begoña Pérez Gómez, Susana Pérez Rubio, Leonidas Perivoliotis, George Petihakis, L. Petit de la Villéon, Jenny Pistoia, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Sylvie Pouliquen, Laura Prieto, Patrick Raimbault, Patricia Reglero, Emma Reyes, Paz Rotllán, Simón Ruíz, Javier Ruiz, Inmaculada Ávalos Ruiz, Luis F. Ruiz-Orejón, Baris Salihoglu, Stefano Salon, Simone Sammartino, Agustín Sánchez‐Arcilla, Antonio Sánchez‐Román, Gianmaria Sannino, Rosalia Santoleri, Rafael Sardà, Katrin Schröeder, Simona Simoncelli, Sarantis Sofianos, Georgios Sylaios, Toste Tanhua, Anna Teruzzi, Pierre Testor, Devrim Tezcan, Marc Torner, Francesco Trotta, Georg Umgiesser, Karina von Schuckmann, Giorgia Verri, Ivica Vilibić, Mustafa Yücel, M. Zavatarelli, George Zodiatis,

Marine and fisheries research

The Mediterranean community represented in this paper is the result of more than 30 years of EU & nationally funded coordination that has led to key contributions in science concepts and operational initiatives. Together with the establishment of operational services, the community has been coordinating with Universities, research centers, research infrastructures and private companies to implement advanced multi-platform and integrated observing and forecasting systems that facilitate the advancement of operational services, scientific achievements and mission-oriented innovation. As a result, the community has been able to respond to societal challenges and stakeholders needs, developing a variety of fit for purpose services such as the Copernicus Marine Service. The combination of state-of-the-art observations and forecasting provides new opportunities for downstream services in response to the needs of the heavily populated Mediterranean coastal areas and climate change. The real challenge for the next decade is to sustain ocean observations within the research community, to monitor the variability at small scales, e.g. mesoscale/submesoscale, to resolve the sub-basin/seasonal and inter-annual variability of the circulation and by this establish the decadal variability, understand and correct the model associated biases and to enhance model-data integration and ensemble forecasting for uncertainty estimation. Better knowledge and understanding of the Mediterranean variability will enable subsequent evaluation of the impacts and mitigation of human activities and climate change on the biodiversity and ecosystem functioning to underpin environmental assessments and decision support. Furthermore, the challenges are to extend the science based added value products to societal relevant downstream services and engage the communities to build initiatives that will contribute to UN SDG14 and the UN Decade of Ocean Science. The Mediterranean observing and forecasting capacity was built on the basis of community best practices in monitoring and modelling and could serve as basis for the development of the integrated global ocean observing system.