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High performance of rapid influenza diagnostic test and variable effectiveness of influenza vaccines in Mexico

2019; Elsevier BV; Volume: 89; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.ijid.2019.08.029

1878-3511

Manuel Castillejos‐López, Carlos Cabello-Gutiérrez, José Alberto Choreño-Parra, Víctor Jaimes Hernández, Javier Romo, Fernando Hernández‐Sánchez, D.J. Martinez, Andrés Hernández, Luis Jiménez-Álvarez, Carmen Margarita Hernández‐Cardenas, Eduardo Becerril‐Vargas, José Arturo Martínez-Orozco, José Luis Sandoval‐Gutiérrez, Cristóbal Guadarrama, Enrique Olvera-Masetto, Leticia Alfaro-Ramos, Alfredo Cruz‐Lagunas, Gustavo Ramírez, Eduardo Márquez Martín, Lisa Pimentel, Nora E. Regino-Zamarripa, Criselda Mendoza-Milla, Aminadab Goodina, Erika Mariana Hernández-Montiel, Rodrigo Barquera, Alfredo Santibañez, Guillermo Domínguez‐Cherit, Rogelio Pérez‐Padilla, Justino Regalado, Patricio Santillán‐Doherty, Jorge Salas-Hernández, Joaquı́n Zúñiga,

Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology

To evaluate the performance of rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDT) and influenza vaccines' effectiveness (VE) during an outbreak setting.We compared the performance of a RIDT with RT-PCR for influenza virus detection in influenza-like illness (ILI) patients enrolled during the 2016/17 season in Mexico City. Using the test-negative design, we estimated influenza VE in all participants and stratified by age, virus subtype, and vaccine type (trivalent vs quadrivalent inactivated vaccines). The protective value of some clinical variables was evaluated by regression analyses.We enrolled 592 patients. RT-PCR detected 93 cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 55 of AH3N2, 141 of B, and 13 A/B virus infections. RIDT showed 90.7% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity for influenza A virus detection, and 91.5% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity for influenza B virus detection. Overall VE was 33.2% (95% CI: 3.0-54.0; p = 0.02) against any laboratory-confirmed influenza infection. VE estimates against influenza B were higher for the quadrivalent vaccine. Immunization and occupational exposure were protective factors against influenza.The RIDT was useful to detect influenza cases during an outbreak setting. Effectiveness of 2016/17 influenza vaccines administered in Mexico was low but significant. Our data should be considered for future local epidemiological policies.