First Report of Sclerotium Stem Rot Caused by Athelia rolfsii on Stevia rebaudiana in Southwestern France
2019; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 104; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-04-19-0696-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresZoé Le Bihan, Jonathan Gaudin, Fanny Robledo-Garcia, Pierre Cosson, Cécile Hastoy, Dominique Rolin, Valérie Schurdi‐Levraud,
Tópico(s)Horticultural and Viticultural Research
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 2First Report of Sclerotium Stem Rot Caused by Athelia rolfsii on Stevia rebaudiana in Southwestern France PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Sclerotium Stem Rot Caused by Athelia rolfsii on Stevia rebaudiana in Southwestern FranceZ. Le Bihan, J. Gaudin, F. Robledo-Garcia, P. Cosson, C. Hastoy, D. Rolin, and V. Schurdi-LevraudZ. Le BihanINRA, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d’Ornon, FranceOviatis SA, Lacaussade, FranceSearch for more papers by this author, J. GaudinINRA, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, FranceSearch for more papers by this author, F. Robledo-GarciaINRA, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, FranceSearch for more papers by this author, P. CossonINRA, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d’Ornon, FranceSearch for more papers by this author, C. HastoyOviatis SA, Lacaussade, FranceSearch for more papers by this author, D. RolinINRA, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d’Ornon, FranceSearch for more papers by this author, and V. Schurdi-Levraud†Corresponding author: V. Schurdi-Levraud; E-mail Address: valerie.schurdi-levraud@inra.frhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5519-5800INRA, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d’Ornon, FranceSearch for more papers by this author AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Z. Le Bihan1 2 J. Gaudin3 F. Robledo-Garcia3 P. Cosson1 C. Hastoy2 D. Rolin1 V. Schurdi-Levraud1 † 1INRA, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d’Ornon, France 2Oviatis SA, Lacaussade, France 3INRA, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, ISVV, Villenave d’Ornon, France Published Online:30 Nov 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-19-0696-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Stevia rebaudiana is a perennial species that accumulates steviol glycosides in its leaves. These natural compounds produce an intense sweet taste but are noncaloric and are hence in demand by consumers to reduce daily sugar consumption. The cultivation of S. rebaudiana has recently become popular in France. In August 2017, disease symptoms similar to a sudden wilting were observed in a S. rebaudiana 0.5-ha commercial field in Sainte-Livrade (N 44°23′48″; E 0°35′13″), France. Symptoms first appeared on the aerial parts, resulting in wilting and drying of the entire plant. Additional symptoms included lesions on the stem at the collar base with abundant white mycelium, and round white to dark-brown small globoid sclerotia were observed on diseased plants. These symptoms were also observed on nearby pepper crops. The outbreaks of infection were increasing with time. Disease incidence was estimated at approximately 17%. To isolate the pathogen, the collar of one diseased plant was collected and incubated in a moist chamber for 2 days at 24°C. Mycelia was removed from the diseased plant parts and placed on malt extract agar amended with 50 mg/liter of chloramphenicol and incubated at 22°C in a growth chamber with a 12-h photoperiod. After 7 days, immature sclerotia were abundantly formed, and after 10 days small globoid, white sclerotia were approximately 1 to 3 mm in diameter and became dark brown with age. The freshly isolated pathogenic fungus was examined microscopically. The white mycelia had a clamp connection typical of that described for Athelia rolfsii (Mordue 1974). No sexual reproductive structures were observed. Genomic DNA of one isolate (17SCL_STEV1) was extracted as described (Hastoy et al. 2019). The large ribosomal subunit locus (LSU rRNA) was amplified and sequenced with primers LROR and LR5 (Stielow et al. 2015). The length of the amplicon was 884 bp (GenBank accession MK680087). Phylogenetic analysis was done with the neighbor-joining method in MEGA7. Isolate 17SCL_STEV1 was identified as A. rolfsii and presented 99% sequence similarity with A. rolfsii isolate DGADY14 from Capsicum annuum. To conduct pathogenicity testing, mycelium was cultivated on malt agar (MA) medium incubated at 22°C for 6 days in the growth chamber. Colonized MA plugs (0.5 cm diameter) were removed, and four were applied to the stems of five 2-month-old S. rebaudiana ‘Shoutian III’ plants following injury by a scalpel. For the control, stems were wounded and inoculated with sterile MA plugs with the same method. Plants were kept in a growth chamber at 22°C with a 12-h photoperiod and 85% humidity. After 2 days, lesions appeared on the collar. White mycelium and incipient sclerotia were observed on the lesion and soil surface and turned into typical brownish sclerotia. Inoculated plants wilted and died after 5 days. Three reisolations were performed once by sampling mycelium from symptomatic plants. Isolates were confirmed as A. rolfsii based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Although there are previous reports of A. rolfsii on S. rebaudiana in India (Kamalakannan et al. 2007), the United States (Koehler and Shew 2014), Italy (Carrieri et al. 2016), and Greece (Chatzivassiliou et al. 2016), to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of A. rolfsii causing Sclerotium stem rot of S. rebaudiana in France. This is of primary importance given the damage to yield and the difficulty of controlling A. rolfsii (Punja 1985).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Carrieri, R., et al. 2016. Plant Dis. 100:220. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-15-0324-PDN Link, Google ScholarChatzivassiliou, E. K., et al. 2016. Plant Dis. 100:4. Google ScholarHastoy, C., et al. 2019. Ind. Crops Prod. 128:607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.09.053 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarKamalakannan, A., et al. 2007. Plant Pathol. 56:350. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01468.x Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarKoehler, A., and Shew, H. 2014. Plant Dis. 98:1005. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-13-1238-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarMordue, E. 1974. Page 1 in: CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria, No. 410. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, U.K. Google ScholarPunja, Z. K. 1985. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 23:97. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.23.090185.000525 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarStielow, J. B., et al. 2015. Persoonia 35:242. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158515X689135 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: Z. Le Bihan and C. Hastoy were supported by ANRT no. 2017/0489 and ANRT no. 2014/0915 funding and Oviatis SA, France. The Nouvelle-Aquitaine Region supported the work through specific CIFRE funding. Work was partly supported by the Research Federation on Integrative Biology and Ecology (Bordeaux University, France).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 2 February 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionSymptom of maize ear rot caused by Fusarium sporotrichioides (B. B. Wang et al.). Photo credit: C. X. Duan. Systemic symptoms of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) isolate CaM on leaves of potato (X. Z. Nie et al.). Photo credit: X. Z. Nie. Metrics Downloaded 2,579 times Article History Issue Date: 31 Jan 2020Published: 30 Nov 2019First Look: 18 Sep 2019Accepted: 16 Sep 2019 Page: 584 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyKeywordsfungiStevia rebaudianafield cropsetiologyThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited ByPhenological growth stages of stevia ( Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) according to the Biologische Bundesanstalt Bundessortenamt and Chemical Industry (BBCH) scale24 August 2020 | Annals of Applied Biology, Vol. 177, No. 3
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