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Water filtration with the Help of Rice Husk Ash

2019; International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET); Volume: 7; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.22214/ijraset.2019.5201

2321-9653

Shivam Katare,

Humic Substances and Bio-Organic Studies

Water purification is one of the important needs for people around the world.As it prevents from many diseases that are caused from water .Main motive of the research in this thesis is to purify water from rice husk which is a waste product and disinfection through PET whose containers are also considered as waste after its use of liquid which it contains . I. RICE HUSK ASHIndia is a major rice producing country, and the husk generated during milling is mostly used as a fuel in the boilers for processing the paddy, and generating energy through direct combustion and by gasification.About 20 million tonnes of Rice Husk Ash or (RHA) is produced annually.This RHA is a great environment threat causing damage to the land and to the surrounding area in which it is dumped.Lots of ways are being thought of for disposing them by making commercial use of this RHA.Rice is a important cereal grain which is one of the important food product in many countries around the world.Rice milling generates a byproduct know as husk.This surrounds the paddy grain.During milling of paddy of the rice about 78 % of weight is received as rice, broken rice and bran .Rest 22 percent of the weight of paddy is received as husk.This husk is used as fuel in the rice mills to generate steam for the parboiling process.This husk have about 75 percent organic volatile matter and the balance 25 % of the weight of this husk is converted/turn into ash during the firing process, which is known as rice husk ash (RHA).This RHA in turn contains around 85 percent to 90 percent amorphous silica.This is a very large amount.So for every 1000 kgs of paddy milled, about 220 kg's (22 %) of husk is produced, and when this husk is burnt into the boilers, about 55 kg's (25 %) of RHA is generated.Of the agricultural wastes, rice husk has been identified as one with having the greatest potential as it is widely available and, on when it is combust, produces a relatively large proportion of ash in it, which contains around 90% silica.And about 1 tonne of husk is produced from five tonnes of rice paddy and it has been estimated that around 120 million tonnes of husk could be their annually on a global basis for pozzolana production.As the ash content by weight is about twenty percent there are most potentially 24 million tonnes of RHA available as a pozzolana.Rice is grown in large quantities in many Asian countries including China, the Indian sub-continent, Thailand, South-east Asia and, in smaller quantities, in some of the regions of Africa and South America.Traditionally, husk of rice has been considered as a waste and not a useful material and has generally been disposed of by dumping or burning, although some has been count on its use as a low-grade fuel.but, RHA has been successfully used as a pozzolana in commercial production in various number of countries including Columbia, Thailand ,China, Thailand and India. II. CARBON FILTRATIONCarbon filtering is a method of filtering of water which uses a bed that has activated carbon to remove contaminants and impurities, using of chemical absorption.Each single particle or granule of carbon (C) provides a much large surface area/pore structure, which allowing for contaminants to the maximum possible exposure to the active sites which are in the filter media.One pound (450 grams ) of activated carbon contains a surface area of approx 100 of acres i.e. 40 Hectares.Activated carbon works with the help of a process called adsorption, whereby pollutant molecules which are in the fluid/liquid to be treated or filtered are trapped inside the pore structure of the carbon substrate.Carbon filtering is commonly used for water purification, industrial gas processing, etc and in purifications of air for example the removal of siloxanes and hydrogen sulphide from biogas.It is also used in a various other applications, including respirator masks, the purification of sugarcane and for the recovery of precious metals, especially gold.It is also used in the filters of cigarettes .Active carbon filters are very much effective in removing chlorine , sediment, volatile organic compounds (VOCs),odour and taste from water.They are not effective at removing minerals, salts, and dissolved inorganic compounds present in water.Typical particle sizes that are use to removed by carbon filters range from 0.5 to 50 micrometres.The particle size will then be used as part of the filter description.The efficacy of a carbon filter is also based upon the flow rate regulation.When the water sample is allowed to flow through the filter at a slower rate, the contaminants are exposed to the filter media for a longer expand of time.