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Effect of cultural practices and fertilizers on sunflower yields in long term experiments

2006; University of Novi Sad; Volume: 29; Issue: 44 Linguagem: Inglês

10.2298/hel0644135p

2197-0483

G. Petcu, E. Petcu,

Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems

Field experiments were conducted during 1980-2004 at Agricultural Research and Development Institute from Fundulea (Romania) on a leached chernozem soil, well drained, formed on loess, with 33% clay content and 2.8% organic matter in the arable layer.The paper presents aspects regarding the influence of different soil tillage methods (moldboard plow, chisel, paraplow, disking), fertilizers and track by track successive passings of tractor (from 1 to 3) prior to seedbed preparation on sunflower yield under dryland conditions.The developed modern crop production technologies should be improved in response to concerns about environmental impacts of agriculture towards cropping intensification reduction.In this context, choice of a good soil tillage method management is an important decision to improve grain yield and quality.Continuous implementation of optimal rates of fertilizers (from different chemical types or manure) helps us to obtained more efficient sunflower cropping systems.The wheel pressure induces a soil compaction down to 40 cm depth, emphasized by an increase of bulk density and a decrease of total and air porosities below the minimum level needed for normal crop development.The plant height and leaf area were reduced by compaction, as a result of deteriorated soil conditions for root growth.The root biomass was lower by 16-33% in compacted soil as compared with non-compacted one.