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Occurrence of the Stunt Nematode Neodolichorhynchus sulcatus as Pathogen of Pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) in Israel

2019; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 104; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-07-19-1427-pdn

1943-7692

Xue Qing, Abraham Gamliel, Patricia Bucki, Svetlana Duvrinin, Sigal Braun Miyara,

Insect Pest Control Strategies

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 2Occurrence of the Stunt Nematode Neodolichorhynchus sulcatus as Pathogen of Pepper (Capsicum annuum) in Israel PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseOccurrence of the Stunt Nematode Neodolichorhynchus sulcatus as Pathogen of Pepper (Capsicum annuum) in IsraelX. Qing, A. Gamliel, P. Bucki, S. Duvrinin, and S. Braun MiaraX. Qinghttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0355-9956Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry Units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, IsraelSearch for more papers by this author, A. GamlielLaboratory for Pest Management Research, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, IsraelSearch for more papers by this author, P. BuckiDepartment of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry Units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, IsraelSearch for more papers by this author, S. DuvrininExtension Service (Shaham), Israel Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bet Dagan, IsraelSearch for more papers by this author, and S. Braun Miara†Corresponding author: S. Braun Miara; E-mail Address: sigalhor@volcani.agri.gov.ilhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-6255-3784Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry Units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, IsraelSearch for more papers by this author AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations X. Qing1 A. Gamliel2 P. Bucki1 S. Duvrinin3 S. Braun Miara1 † 1Department of Entomology, Nematology and Chemistry Units, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel 2Laboratory for Pest Management Research, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel 3Extension Service (Shaham), Israel Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bet Dagan, Israel Published Online:4 Dec 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1427-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Stunt nematodes, family Dolichodoridae, are migratory ectoparasites of roots. They feed on epidermal cells by inserting only the stylet tip into the cell’s surface tissue. As one of the less common stunt nematodes, little is known about Neodolichorhynchus sulcatus (de Guiran, 1967) Jairajpuri & Hunt, 1984. To date, it has been reported from Morocco (de Guiran 1967), Spain (Tobar-Jiménez 1970), Cameroon (Sakwe and Geraert 1991), India (Sultan et al. 1995), and Iran (Pourjam et al. 2011). This is the first detection of N. sulcatus infecting pepper (variety 1204 Alef Beit Zeraim) root from a farm in Ein Yahav, Arava Rift, Israel (30°39′54.3″N, 35°15′02.9″E). In March 2019, we observed decline in development of pepper plants. We recovered nematodes from the pepper root zone at high population density. Nematodes were extracted from the soil using the Baermann tray technique. Identification was based on a combination of molecular and morphological methods. Genomic DNA was extracted from a single fresh nematode; amplicons from 18S rRNA, 28S D2 to D3 rRNA, and the intergenic spacer (ITS) region were generated following the procedure detailed in Qing et al. (2019); and sequencing was performed. The sequences were submitted to GenBank with accession numbers MK96525 to MK965256 (28S), MK965252 (18S), and MK965249 and MK965250 (ITS), providing the first rRNA data for N. sulcatus. Phylogenetic analysis placed this species as sister to Bitylenchus iphilus in 18S (98.15% similar in BLAST), sister to Paratrophurus bhutanensis in 28S (91.68% similar in BLAST), or sister to a well-supported clade containing B. iphilus (91.35% similar in BLAST, highest match), B. maximus, B. hispaniensis, P. bhutanensis, and P. bursifer in ITS (figures for phylogeny trees available at https://photos.app.goo.gl/2Y7fToEftBopbnB67). Although our species were not clustered with other Neodolichorhynchus species, morphology and morphometry confirmed its identity as N. sulcatus, including the cephalic region offset, basal bulb pyriform, a cuticle with 16 longitudinal ridges including the lateral fields, irregularly areolated lateral fields with three ridges, bursa not notched at tail tip, gubernaculum with smooth proximal end, and vulva lacking lateral flaps, tail cylindroid-conical with rounded and smooth terminus. Measurements (mean ± standard error, range, in μm) for female (n = 10): body length 801 ± 49.4 (731 to 901), anterior end to vulva 435 ± 34.8 (410 to 520), V value 54.2 ± 1.69 (52.4 to 57.7), lip height 4.53 ± 0.31 (4.39 to 5.41), stylet length 21.4 ± 0.37 (20.6 to 21.8), cone of stylet 11.4 ± 0.63 (10.7 to 12.8), anterior end to center of median bulb 86.0 ± 3.53 (78.7 to 91.3), pharynx length 146 ± 4.05 (139 to 153), maximum body width 25.6 ± 1.00 (24 to 27), anus/cloacal width 15.7 ± 1.39 (14.3 to 17.9), tail length 47.2 ± 3.85 (43.4 to 56.5); for male (n = 7): body length 786 ± 64.0 (704 to 874), lip height 4.34 ± 0.55 (3.67 to 5.24), stylet length 20.4 ± 0.73 (19.7 to 21.7), cone of stylet 10.9 ± 0.82 (10.3 to 12.7), anterior end to median bulb 81.2 ± 3.54 (75.2 to 87), pharynx length 138 ± 6.66 (132 to 148), maximum body width 22.6 ± 2.15 (20.4 to 25.8), anus/cloacal width 17.7 ± 1.50 (15.2 to 19.9), tail length 54.7 ± 5.67 (46.6 to 62.6), spicule length 26.3 ± 1.21 (24.2 to 27.6). To confirm pathogenicity, we performed inoculation assays in greenhouse conditions. Individual nematodes were manually picked, and 300 juveniles were inoculated onto healthy pepper (variety Maccabi) roots growing in sterile soil in a greenhouse. Three pots with four pepper plants per pot were inoculated, and three noninoculated pots served as a control. Nematodes were harvested from the root and soil 40 days after inoculation, yielding an average of 483 ± 75 nematodes per pot. We observed a reduction in plant growth and necrotic spots on the roots similar to those infected pepper in Ein Yahav. These results confirmed the nematode’s pathogenicity to pepper. This is the first report of N. sulcatus infecting pepper plants in Israel.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:de Guiran, G. 1967. Nematologica 13:217. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529267X00076 Crossref, Google ScholarPourjam, E., et al. 2011. Iranian J. Plant Pathol. 47:141. Google ScholarQing, X., et al. 2019. Phytopathology 109:847. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-09-18-0324-R Link, ISI, Google ScholarSakwe, P. N., and Geraert, E. 1991. Nematologica 37:263. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529291X00268 Crossref, Google ScholarSultan, M. S., et al. 1995. Pak. J. Nematol. 13:69. Google ScholarTobar-Jiménez, A. 1970. Rev. Iber. Parasitol. 30:215. Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: This work was supported by the Chief Scientist of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, grant no. 20-07-0012.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 2 February 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionSymptom of maize ear rot caused by Fusarium sporotrichioides (B. B. Wang et al.). Photo credit: C. X. Duan. Systemic symptoms of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) isolate CaM on leaves of potato (X. Z. Nie et al.). Photo credit: X. Z. Nie. Metrics Downloaded 2,425 times Article History Issue Date: 31 Jan 2020Published: 4 Dec 2019First Look: 1 Oct 2019Accepted: 23 Sep 2019 Pages: 595-595 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingChief Scientist of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentGrant/Award Number: 20-07-0012Keywordsnematodesvegetablespathogen detectionThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.