First Report of Albifimbria verrucaria Causing Leaf Spot on Glycine latifolia
2019; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 104; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-08-19-1677-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresTheresa K. Herman, Michelle L. Pawlowski, Leslie L. Domier, G. L. Hartman,
Tópico(s)Forest Insect Ecology and Management
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 2First Report of Albifimbria verrucaria Causing Leaf Spot on Glycine latifolia PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Albifimbria verrucaria Causing Leaf Spot on Glycine latifoliaT. Herman, M. L. Pawlowski, L. L. Domier, and G. L. HartmanT. HermanUSDA-ARS, Urbana, ILSearch for more papers by this author, M. L. Pawlowskihttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0606-0373Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, ILSearch for more papers by this author, L. L. DomierUSDA-ARS, Urbana, ILDepartment of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, ILSearch for more papers by this author, and G. L. Hartman†Corresponding author: G. L. Hartman; E-mail Address: ghartman@illinois.eduhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-3294-0772USDA-ARS, Urbana, ILDepartment of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, ILSearch for more papers by this author AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations T. Herman1 M. L. Pawlowski2 L. L. Domier1 2 G. L. Hartman1 2 † 1USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL 2Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL Published Online:6 Dec 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1677-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat In November 2018, plants of two accessions of greenhouse-grown Glycine latifolia were observed to be mildly to severely affected with leaf spot symptoms that included moderate defoliation. Spots were irregularly shaped, approximately 2 to 5 mm by 4 to 8 mm, pale, gray or light brown, and not bounded by veins but often surrounded by chlorotic haloes and delimited by dark brown or reddish lines within or outside the haloes. Sixty symptomatic leaflets were detached, rinsed with tap water for 1 min, and incubated in the dark at 24°C. After 1 week, sporodochia were observed forming in and around the leaf spots, at first light green and then turning dark green to black. Spores were released in sterile water, spread on potato dextrose agar, and incubated at 25°C in the dark for 1 week. Resulting isolates were white with dark green to black stroma and appeared morphologically to be Myrothecium or Paramyrothecium. Spores were harvested from a 2-week-old culture via flooding with sterile deionized water. The spore solution was added to 250 ml of sterile deionized water amended with 0.04% Tween 20 and misted onto nine G. latifolia plants with a handheld spray bottle and six 5-week-old soybean (Glycine max) plants to verify pathogenicity. Two plants of each species sprayed with sterile deionized water amended with 0.04% Tween 20 served as controls. All plants were incubated for 24 h at 30°C in a plastic storage box and then transferred to a growth chamber set at 28°C day/night to observe symptom development. Necrotic lesions similar to those on the original G. latifolia were visible on all inoculated plants 2 days after inoculation; severely affected leaflets dropped off within 2 weeks. Control plants developed no symptoms. Six symptomatic leaflets from each species were sampled, surface disinfected (0.6% NaOCl for 2 min followed by three rinses with sterile deionized water), and incubated on moist paper towels. After 4 days, sporodochia of the inoculated pathogen were observed growing out of leaf tissue of all samples. Spores were harvested, and two purified isolates were used to confirm the pathogen. A mycelial plug 8 mm in diameter was excised from each of two isolates, and DNA was extracted using the FastDNA Spin Kit (MP Biomedicals, Solon, OH). Five-microliter subsamples were subjected to PCR using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primers (ITS4, 5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′; ITS1, 5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′). Sequences were deposited in GenBank (accessions MN028771 and MN028772). Using BLAST, the first nine alignments for the ITS region had 100% coverage and 100% identity for Albifimbria verrucaria (Alb. & Schwein.) L. Lombard & Crous (syn. Myrothecium verrucaria; five hits), Myrothecium sp. (two hits), and Albifimbria viridis (two hits). The isolates lacked luteus exudate produced by A. viridis (Lombard et al. 2016), which supports the identity as A. verrucaria (GenBank nos. MG764005.1, MH857598.1, MH855118.1, KY582146.1, and KY582145.1). A. verrucaria has been widely investigated as a bioherbicide agent for the control of noxious weeds and invasive plant species (Weaver et al. 2018), and the fungus has been reported to be pathogenic on a wide range of weeds, legumes, and crop plants (Farr and Rossman 2019; Yang and Jong 1995), including soybean seed and foliage (Nguyen et al. 1973; Walker and Tilly 1997) and an annual relative of soybean, Glycine soja (Lenne 1990). The pathogen appears to be significant on ready-to-eat greens (Gullino et al. 2019), and both severity and mycotoxin increase with higher temperatures and CO2 conditions (Siciliano et al. 2017). To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of A. verrucaria causing leaf spot on G. latifolia or any perennial Glycine species in natural or controlled environments and is further demonstration that the pathogen could be one of greater economic or health importance to field or specialty crop production in the near future.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Farr, D. F., and Rossman, A. Y. 2019. Fungal Databases, Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., ARS, USDA. Retrieved June 18, 2019, from https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/. Google ScholarGullino, M. L., et al. 2019. Plant Dis. 103:2153. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-19-0472-FE Link, ISI, Google ScholarLenne, J. M. 1990. Phytopathol. Pap. 31:1. Google ScholarLombard, L., et al. 2016. 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Systemic symptoms of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) isolate CaM on leaves of potato (X. Z. Nie et al.). Photo credit: X. Z. Nie. Metrics Downloaded 4,104 times Article History Issue Date: 31 Jan 2020Published: 6 Dec 2019First Look: 10 Oct 2019Accepted: 3 Oct 2019 Page: 576 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyThis article is in the public domain and not copyrightable. It may be freely reprinted with customary crediting of the source. The American Phytopathological Society, 2019.Keywordsleaf spotperennial glycinefungiGlycine latifoliaAlbifimbria verrucariaThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited ByApplication of fungal laccase for heavy metals precipitation using tannin as a natural mediator20 November 2020 | International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 18, No. 8
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