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First Report of Papaya Fruit Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum okinawense in Brazil
2019; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 104; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-06-19-1151-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresLarisse Raquel Carvalho Dias, R. A. S. Brito, Thiago Anchieta de Melo, I. M. R. S. Serra,
Tópico(s)Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 2First Report of Papaya Fruit Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum okinawense in Brazil PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Papaya Fruit Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum okinawense in BrazilL. R. C. Dias, R. A. S. Brito, T. A. Melo, and I. M. R. S. SerraL. R. C. DiasDepartamento de Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, 65055-970, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, R. A. S. Brito†Corresponding author: R. A. S. Brito; E-mail Address: renata.aparecida.brito@usp.brhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-3026-2020Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, ESALQ/Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, T. A. MeloDepartamento de Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, 65055-970, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, and I. M. R. S. SerraDepartamento de Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, 65055-970, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations L. R. C. Dias1 R. A. S. Brito2 † T. A. Melo1 I. M. R. S. Serra1 1Departamento de Química e Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, 65055-970, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil 2Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, ESALQ/Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil Published Online:9 Dec 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-19-1151-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Papaya anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is an important disease worldwide, affecting yield and production of papaya fruits (Carica papaya L.). In Brazil, Colletotrichum sp. is mainly a postharvest pathogen, which severely affects the marketability of several fruits. Five papaya fruits with sunken, dark brown lesions covered with salmon-colored spore masses, typical of anthracnose symptoms, were collected from a fresh produce market in the city of São Luís/Maranhão from January to February 2018. The disease incidence was estimated at around 60%. These fruits were surface disinfected with 1.5% NaOCl and allowed to dry on a filter paper for 30 min. The symptomatic tissues were excised into small pieces (4 to 5 mm) and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Six fungal strains from six diseased papaya fruits were cultured. Fungal strains were grown on PDA at 25 ± 2°C with a 12-h photoperiod, and six single-spore strains were obtained. All isolates showed similar morphological characteristics, and the representative strain SB-8 was further investigated. On oatmeal agar medium, 10-day-old colonies were flat with entire margin, surface saffron to salmon, aerial mycelium lacking, reverse salmon; 29 to 30.2 mm of mycelial growth in 7 days (≥40 mm in 10 days); and conidial mass were saffron. On Spezieller Nahrstoffarmer agar medium, the conidia were hyaline, smooth-walled, septate, straight, clavate to cylindrical, the apex rounded, the base round or truncate. The 95% confidence intervals for conidia dimensions were (12.1) 13.9 to 14.7 (16.1) µm (extremes given in parentheses). The mean ± SD were 14.3 ± 1.1 × 4.3 ± 0.2 µm, length/width ratio = 3.3; n = 30. DNA was extracted from SB-8 strain and used for amplification of partial sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin (ACT), and histone 3 (HIS3) genes (GenBank accession nos. MK830706 [ITS], MK820658 [GAPDH], MK820659 [ACT], and MK820660 [HIS3]). A BLAST search of the NCBI database revealed that SB-8 gene sequences displayed 100% nucleotide identity to the respective gene sequences of Colletotrichum okinawense Damm & Toy. Sato MAFF240517 (MG600971, MG600827, and MG600971). Maximum parsimony analysis was done using recently published datasets (Damm et al. 2019), and the strain clustered with the type strain sequence of C. okinawense. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, the SB-8 strain was identified as C. okinawense. Koch's postulates were completed using five healthy papaya fruits (cv. Golden), which were disinfected with 300 ppm NaOCl (30 min). Two points were selected for each fruit, and wounds were made at the points with a sterile needle to a depth of 3 mm. Mycelial plugs taken from the margin of actively growing colonies (PDA) of each strain were placed in shallow wounds. PDA discs without fungal growth were used as control. Inoculated fruits were maintained in a humid chamber for 48 h at 24 ± 2°C with a 12-h photoperiod. The first symptoms appeared 2 days after inoculation, and at the end of the test, the symptoms were similar to those observed initially in the fresh produce market. No symptom was observed on fruit inoculated with PDA discs without fungal growth. C. okinawense was successfully reisolated from symptomatic fruits and identified as previously described, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. The experiment was repeated once showing similar results. Recently, Damm et al. (2019) mentioned several strains previously identified as C. brevisporum causing anthracnose in papaya in Brazil probably belong to C. okinawense based on high identity for ACT gene. Based on multilocus phylogeny concatenated four genes (ITS, GAPDH, ACT, and HIS3) we confirm the presence of C. okinawense causing papaya fruit anthracnose in Brazil.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Reference:Damm, U., et al. 2019. Stud. Mycol. 92:1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.04.001 Crossref, Google ScholarL. R. C. Dias and R. A. S. Brito contributed equally to this work.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: Funding was provided by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 2 February 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionSymptom of maize ear rot caused by Fusarium sporotrichioides (B. B. Wang et al.). Photo credit: C. X. Duan. Systemic symptoms of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) isolate CaM on leaves of potato (X. Z. Nie et al.). Photo credit: X. Z. Nie. Metrics Downloaded 2,376 times Article History Issue Date: 31 Jan 2020Published: 9 Dec 2019First Look: 14 Oct 2019Accepted: 9 Oct 2019 Pages: 573-573 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do MaranhãoKeywordspapaya diseasestropical fruitpostharvest diseaseetiologyThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited ByColletotrichum species and complexes: geographic distribution, host range and conservation status29 September 2021 | Fungal Diversity, Vol. 103Current technologies to control fungal diseases in postharvest papaya (Carica papaya L.)Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, Vol. 36Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose Disease in Tropical Fruit Crops—A Review30 March 2021 | Agriculture, Vol. 11, No. 4
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