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The microbiome of the upper respiratory tract in health and disease

2019; BioMed Central; Volume: 17; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1186/s12915-019-0703-z

1741-7007

Christina Kumpitsch, Kaisa Koskinen, Veronika Schöpf, Christine Moissl‐Eichinger,

Probiotics and Fermented Foods

Abstract The human upper respiratory tract (URT) offers a variety of niches for microbial colonization. Local microbial communities are shaped by the different characteristics of the specific location within the URT, but also by the interaction with both external and intrinsic factors, such as ageing, diseases, immune responses, olfactory function, and lifestyle habits such as smoking. We summarize here the current knowledge about the URT microbiome in health and disease, discuss methodological issues, and consider the potential of the nasal microbiome to be used for medical diagnostics and as a target for therapy.