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Changes in emm types and superantigen gene content of Streptococcus pyogenes causing invasive infections in Portugal

2019; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 9; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/s41598-019-54409-2

2045-2322

Ana Friães, José Melo‐Cristino, Mário Ramirez, Teresa Vaz, Marília Gião, Rui M. Ferreira, Ana Buschy Fonseca, Henrique Oliveira, Ana Cristina Simões e Silva, Hermínia Costa, Margarida Pinto, Odete Chantre, João Mazzoncini de Azevedo Marques, Isabel Peres, Isabel Daniel, Ema Canas, Teresa Ferreira, Cristina Marcelo, Lummy Monteiro, Luís Lito, Teresa Marques, Filomena Martins, Maria Ana Pessanha, Elsa Gonçalves, Teresa Morais, Paulo Lopes, Luísa Felício, Angelina Lameirão, Ana Paula Mota Vieira, Margarida Tomaz, Rosa Bento, Maria Helena Ramos, Ana Paula Castro, Fernando Fonseca, Ana Paula Castro, Graça Ribeiro, Rui Tomé, Celeste Pontes, Luísa Boaventura, Nuno Canhoto, Teresa Afonso, Teresa Casas, Helena Peres, Ilse Fontes, Paulo N. Martinho, Ana Domingos, Gina Marrão, José Grossinho, Manuela Ribeiro, Alberta Faustino, Adelaide Alves, Maria Paula Pinheiro, R. Semedo, Adriana Coutinho, Luísa Cabral, Olga Neto, Luísa Sancho, José Diogo, Ana Carolina Rodrigues, Isabel Nascimento, Elmano Ramalheira, F. G. C. L. BESSA, Ian do Carmo Marques, José Miguel Ribeiro, Maria Antónia Read, Valquíria Alves, Engrácia Raposo, Maria Lurdes Magalhães, Helena Rochas, Anabela G. Silva, Margarida Rodrigues, Maria Meneses, Germano de Sousa, Mariana Bettencourt Viana, Isaura Terra, Vitória Eduarda Silva Rodrigues, Patrícia Pereira, Jesuína Duarte, Paula Pinto, Ezequiel Moreira, João Ataíde Ferreira, Adília Vicente, Paulo Paixão, Natália Novais,

Otolaryngology and Infectious Diseases

Abstract Fluctuations in the clonal composition of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) have been associated with the emergence of successful lineages and with upsurges of invasive infections (iGAS). This study aimed at identifying changes in the clones causing iGAS in Portugal. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, emm typing and superantigen (SAg) gene profiling were performed for 381 iGAS isolates from 2010–2015. Macrolide resistance decreased to 4%, accompanied by the disappearance of the M phenotype and an increase of the iMLS B phenotype. The dominant emm types were: emm 1 (28%), emm 89 (11%), emm 3 (9%), emm 12 (8%), and emm 6 (7%). There were no significant changes in the prevalence of individual emm types, emm clusters, or SAg profiles when comparing to 2006–2009, although an overall increasing trend was recorded during 2000–2015 for emm 1, emm 75, and emm 87. Short-term increases in the prevalence of emm 3, emm 6, and emm 75 may have been driven by concomitant SAg profile changes observed within these emm types, or reflect the emergence of novel genomic variants of the same emm types carrying different SAgs.