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Prevalence and risk factors for HIV-1 infection in people who use illicit drugs in northern Brazil

2019; Oxford University Press; Volume: 114; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1093/trstmh/trz106

1878-3503

Aldemir Branco de Oliveira Filho, Fabricio Quaresma Silva, Francisco Junior A. Santos, Y. Cardoso, Jeruza Ferraz Filgueiras Di Miceli, Rafael Lima Resque, Gláucia Caroline Silva‐Oliveira, Luisa Carí­cio Martins, Luiz Marcelo de Lima Pinheiro, Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado, Aguinaldo R. Pinto, José Alexandre Rodrigues de Lemos, Benedikt Fischer, Emil Kupek,

Sex work and related issues

People who use illicit drugs (PWUDs) have a high risk of viral infections. To date, there is a paucity of information on HIV infection among PWUDs in remote Brazilian regions. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with HIV-1 infection among PWUDs in northern Brazil.Sociodemographic, economic, drug use and health-related information were collected through interviews from a community-recruited, multi-site sample of 1753 PWUDs. The blood samples collected were tested for the presence of HIV-1 using chemiluminescence immunoassay and PCR or western blotting. Logistic regressions identified factors independently associated with HIV-1 infection.In total, 266 (15.2%) PWUDs were HIV-1 positive. Hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus nucleic acid was detected in 65 (3.7%) PWUDs infected by HIV-1. The factors associated with HIV-1 infection were male gender, older age, a lower educational level and a lower income, crack cocaine use, a longer drug use history and a history of drug injection and engagement in unsafe sex, sex work and a higher number of sexual partners.The current study provides unique, initial insights into HIV and co-infection status and pertinent risk factors among PWUDs in northern Brazil, with clear and diverse implications for urgently improved prevention and treatment intervention needs.