Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) as the Engine of Innovation in the Co-Evolution Mechanism

2019; University of Indonesia; Volume: 10; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.14716/ijtech.v10i7.3777

2087-2100

Muhammad Suryanegara, Ruki Harwahyu, Muhamad Asvial, Eko Adhi Setiawan, Eny Kusrini,

Business Strategy and Innovation

Shortly after the invention of the steam engine, which revolutionized industry at the end of the nineteenth century, technology was perceived as having only two possible roles: technology was created to comply with market demand or was generated to create markets.These two roles mark the first-and second-generation innovation models that changed the world drastically in the twentieth century.Along with technological advancement in various fields, technology now no longer has the option of two such distinct roles, but rather it exists as a function of the coevolution between technology and ecosystems outside the technology itself.Technology continues to develop as an interplay of these relations.The most obvious example is the rapid development of Information Communication Technology (ICT), which began with the invention of technology to deliver voice communication (thanks to Alexander Graham Bell's telephone).ICT has now been transformed into an "any technological platform," delivering any information over sort of communications technology.The crucial point of the development of ICT was the emergence of the Internet in the late 1970s.Initially, the Internet platform emerged as a military necessity to fragment data communication patterns so that the potential damage to one communication line did not damage the entire communication system.But the ecosystem turned out to require more than just that motivation.The Internet was adopted by non-military industries, educational institutions, and the household.On the basis of this adoption, the ecosystem required continuous development until Internet technology became what we experience today.The Internet has become a prerequisite for the formation of quality people with an orientation toward improving the quality of the human economy.