First Report of Diaporthe foeniculina Causing Black Tip and Necrotic Spot on Hazelnut Kernel in Chile
2019; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 104; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-06-19-1166-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresJaime Guerrero Contreras, Rafael Galdames Gutierrez, Khristopher Ogass Contreras, S. Pérez,
Tópico(s)Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 3First Report of Diaporthe foeniculina Causing Black Tip and Necrotic Spot on Hazelnut Kernel in Chile PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Diaporthe foeniculina Causing Black Tip and Necrotic Spot on Hazelnut Kernel in ChileJaime Guerrero Contreras, Rafael Galdames Gutierrez, Khristopher Ogass Contreras, and Set Pérez FuentealbaJaime Guerrero ContrerasDepartamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile, Rafael Galdames GutierrezInstituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA-Carillanca), Temuco, Chile, Khristopher Ogass ContrerasFrutícola AgriChile S.A., Curicó, Chile, and Set Pérez Fuentealba†Corresponding author: S. Pérez Fuentealba; E-mail Address: set.perez@uoh.clhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-0160Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, ChileInstituto de Agroindustria, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Jaime Guerrero Contreras1 Rafael Galdames Gutierrez2 Khristopher Ogass Contreras3 Set Pérez Fuentealba4 5 † 1Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile 2Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA-Carillanca), Temuco, Chile 3Frutícola AgriChile S.A., Curicó, Chile 4Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile 5Instituto de Agroindustria, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile Published Online:20 Jan 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-19-1166-PDNAboutSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Chile is the largest producer of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) in the southern hemisphere. Currently, there are ∼22,000 ha established with a total yield per year reaching 19,000 metric tons. Fungi reduce the quality and condition of the hazelnut kernel, in many cases exceeding the tolerance limits required by the Chilean hazelnut industry. During 2017, hazelnuts were collected from the Frutícola AgriChile reception center located in Cunco, Chile (39°00′45.0″S, 72°19′16.0″W). A total of 2,148 samples (120 hazelnuts per sample) of the cultivars Barcelona (n = 1,207) and Tonda di Giffoni (n = 941) from 265 orchards in five regions were cracked open and inspected for kernel defects in the laboratory. The incidence of black tips and necrotic spots on kernels was 5.37% for Barcelona and 8.68% for Tonda di Giffoni. Kernels with black tips and necrotic spots were disinfected with EtOH (70%) for 2 min, rinsed twice with sterile distilled water (SDW), and dried on sterile paper under laminar flow; they were then maintained in a humid chamber for 10 days. Kernel fragments with mycelia were transferred onto potato dextrose agar and incubated for 5 days at 25°C in the dark. Forty isolates displayed white, sparse aerial and slow-growth mycelia. Pycnidia formed 25 days later that were globose to subglobose, with an elongated and black neck. Alpha-conidia (8.2 ± 0.7 × 2.7 ± 0.3 μm, n = 50) were aseptate, hyaline, oval to fusoid, and biguttulate. Beta-conidia (27.1 ± 2.1 × 1.2 ± 0.2 μm, n = 50) were hyaline, aseptate, slightly curved, and more abundant that alpha-conidia. These morphological characteristics corresponded to Diaporthe spp. anamorphic state. DNA was extracted from three isolates (01PH18, 03PH18, and 04PH18) using the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen). The internal transcribed spacer region was amplified using ITS1/ITS4 primers (White et al. 1990), and the amplicon was partially sequenced and deposited in GenBank (accession nos. MK002742, MK002743, and MK002744). All isolates showed 100% identity with Diaporthe foeniculina (Sacc.) Udayanga & Castl. (Udayanga et al. 2014) (accession nos. LN651171 [Castanea sativa, Italy], KR909215 [Vitis vinifera, U.S.A.], and KU375676 [Citrus sinensis, Iran]). Pathogenicity was tested on hazelnut kernels of cultivar Tonda di Giffoni (n = 120) with three isolates of D. foeniculina. The samples were superficially disinfected with EtOH (70%) for 2 min, rinsed twice with SDW, dried, and maintained in plastic boxes. Two inoculation methods were used on the kernels with and without wounding with a sterile needle. The first method consisted of placing 10 µl of alpha- and beta-conidial suspension (107 cells/ml) on the kernel tip. Alternatively, 50 ml of mycelial suspension was sprayed on 120 kernels (∼40 µl/kernel) with a manual sprayer. The kernels were maintained for 30 days under greenhouse conditions (14 h/10 h dark/light, 20°C; 70% relative humidity) and exhibited the following symptoms: tip blackened and a few cases with shriveled, dark necrotic spots of variable size and shape; additionally, internal black discoloration was observed. Reisolation from lesion margins consistently recovered D. foeniculina, satisfying Koch's postulates. Kernels with and without wounding inoculated with SDW showed no symptoms. D. eres was implicated as the dominant species associated with brown spot of hazelnuts in the Caucus region (Battilani et al. 2018). To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. foeniculina as a causal agent of black tip and necrotic spots on hazelnut kernel in Chile.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Battilani, P., et al. 2018. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 57:320. https://doi.org/10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-22872 ISI, Google ScholarUdayanga, D., et al. 2014. Persoonia 32:83. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158514X679984 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWhite, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Crossref, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: Funding was provided by FIA, Project N° PYT-2017-0875.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 3 March 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionPathogenicity of Lasiodiploidia pseudotheobromae in a coffee plant 3 days after inoculation (R. L. Freitas-Lopes et al.). Photo credit: U. P. Lopes. Seedling blight of soybean caused by soilborne pathogens (J. R. Lamichhane et al.). Photo credit: M. I. Chilvers. Metrics Downloaded 1,457 times Article History Issue Date: 3 Mar 2020Published: 20 Jan 2020First Look: 22 Nov 2019Accepted: 19 Nov 2019 Page: 975 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingFIAGrant/Award Number: Project N° PYT-2017-0875KeywordsfungihazelnutCorylus avellanafungiDiaporthe foeniculinaThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited ByFull Issue PDF23 January 2022 | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Vol. 35, No. 1Complete Genome of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina Strain A7 Isolated from Southern ChilePablo Núñez, Cecilia Muster, María José Lisperguer, Ester Vargas, and Sofia Bustos16 December 2021 | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Vol. 35, No. 1Progression of Kernel Mold on HazelnutJay W. Pscheidt and Stephanie Heckert5 April 2021 | Plant Disease, Vol. 105, No. 5Molecular Characterization of Diaporthe Species Associated With Hazelnut Defects11 December 2020 | Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 11
Referência(s)