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Metabolic networks of the human gut microbiota

2019; Microbiology Society; Volume: 166; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1099/mic.0.000853

1465-2080

Susannah Selber‐Hnatiw, Tarin Sultana, William Ka Fai Tse, Niki Abdollahi, Sheyar Abdullah, Jalal Al Rahbani, Diala Alazar, Nekoula Jean Alrumhein, Saro Aprikian, Rimsha Arshad, Jean-Daniel Azuelos, Daphney Bernadotte, Natalie Beswick, Hana Chazbey, Kelsey Church, Emaly Ciubotaru, Lora D'Amato, Tavia Del Corpo, Jasmine Deng, Briana Laura Di Giulio, Diana Diveeva, Elias Elahie, James Gordon Marcel Frank, Emma Furze, Rebecca E. Garner, Vanessa Gibbs, Rachel Goldberg-Hall, Chaim Jacob Goldman, Fani-Fay Goltsios, Kevin Gorjipour, Taylor Grant, Brittany Greco, Nadir Guliyev, Andrew Habrich, Hillary Hyland, Nabila Ibrahim, Tania Iozzo, Anastasia Jawaheer-Fenaoui, Julia Jane Jaworski, Maneet Kaur Jhajj, Jermaine Jones, Rodney Joyette, Samad Kaudeer, Shawn Kelley, Shayesteh Kiani, Marylin Koayes, Abby Johanna Amy-Aminta Léna Kpata, Shannon Maingot, Sara De Martin, Kelly Mathers, Sean McCullogh, Kelly McNamara, James D. Mendonça, Karamat Mohammad, Sharara Arezo Momtaz, Thiban Navaratnarajah, Kathy Nguyen-Duong, Mustafa Omran, Angela Ortiz, Anjali Patel, Kahlila Paul-Cole, Paul-Arthur Plaisir, Jessica Alexandra Porras Marroquin, Ashlee Danielle Prévost, Angela B. V. Quach, Aries John Rafal, Rewaparsad Ramsarun, Sami Rhnima, Lydia Rili, Naomi Safir, Eugenie Samson, Rebecca Rose Sandiford, Stefano Secondi, Stephanie Shahid, Mojdeh Shahroozi, Fily Sidibé, Megan R. B. Smith, Alina Maria Sreng Flores, Anabel Suarez Ybarra, Rebecca Sénéchal, Tarek Taifour, Lawrence C.H. Tang, Adam Trapid, Maxim Tremblay Potvin, Justin Wainberg, Dani Ni Wang, Mischa Weissenberg, Allison White, Gabrielle Wilkinson, Brittany Williams, Joshua Roth Wilson, Johanna Zoppi, Katerina Zouboulakis, Chiara Gamberi,

Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research

The human gut microbiota controls factors that relate to human metabolism with a reach far greater than originally expected. Microbial communities and human (or animal) hosts entertain reciprocal exchanges between various inputs that are largely controlled by the host via its genetic make-up, nutrition and lifestyle. The composition of these microbial communities is fundamental to supply metabolic capabilities beyond those encoded in the host genome, and contributes to hormone and cellular signalling that support the dynamic adaptation to changes in food availability, environment and organismal development. Poor functional exchange between the microbial communities and their human host is associated with dysbiosis, metabolic dysfunction and disease. This review examines the biology of the dynamic relationship between the reciprocal metabolic state of the microbiota–host entity in balance with its environment (i.e. in healthy states), the enzymatic and metabolic changes associated with its imbalance in three well-studied diseases states such as obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis, and the effects of bariatric surgery and exercise.