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Zika Virus Surveillance at the Human–Animal Interface in West-Central Brazil, 2017–2018

2019; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Volume: 11; Issue: 12 Linguagem: Inglês

10.3390/v11121164

1999-4915

Alex Pauvolid‐Corrêa, Helver Gonçalves Dias, Laura Marina Siqueira Maia, Grasiela Edith de Oliveira Porfírio, Thaís Oliveira Morgado, Gilberto Sabino‐Santos, Paula Helena Santa Rita, Wanessa Teixeira Gomes Barreto, Gabriel Carvalho de Macedo, Jaire Marinho Torres, Wesley Arruda Gimenes Nantes, Filipe Martins Santos, William Oliveira de Assis, Andreza Castro Rucco, Rafael Mamoru dos Santos Yui, João Bosco Vilela Campos, Renato Rodrigues Leandro e Silva, Raquel da Silva Ferreira, Nilvanei Aparecido da Silva Neves, Michell Charlles de Souza Costa, Letícia Ramos Martins, Emerson Marques de Souza, Michellen dos Santos Carvalho, Marina Gonçalves Lima, Fernanda de Cássia Gonçalves Alves, Luiz Humberto Guimarães Riquelme-Junior, Luan Luiz Batista Figueiró, Matheus Fernandes Gomes de Santana, Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues Oliveira‐Santos, Samara Serra Medeiros, Larissa Lopes Seino, Emily Hime Miranda, José Linhares, Vanessa de Oliveira Santos, Stephanie Almeida da Silva, Kelly Araújo Lúcio, Viviane Silva Gomes, Alexandre de Araujo-Oliveira, Júlia dos Santos Silva, William de Almeida Marques, Marcio Schafer Marques, José J. Barros, Letícia Campos, Dinair Couto‐Lima, Claudia Coutinho Netto, Christine Strüssmann, Nicholas A. Panella, Emily R. Hannon, Barbara Cristina de Macedo, Júlia Ramos de Almeida, Karen Ramos Ribeiro, Maria Carolina Barros de Castro, Larissa Pratta Campos, Ana Paula Rosa dos Santos, Isabelle Marino de Souza, Mateus de Assis Bianchini, Sandra Helena Ramiro Corrêa, Renato Ordones Baptista da Luz, Ananda dos Santos Vieira, Luzia Maria de Oliveira Pinto, Elzinandes Leal de Azeredo, Luíz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo, Jerônimo Alencar, Sheila Maria Barbosa de Lima, Heitor Miraglia Herrera, Renata Dezengrini Shlessarenko, Flávia Barreto dos Santos, Ana María Bispo de Filippis, Stephanie J. Salyer, Joel M. Montgomery, Nicholas Komar,

Malaria Research and Control

Zika virus (ZIKV) was first discovered in 1947 in Uganda but was not considered a public health threat until 2007 when it found to be the source of epidemic activity in Asia. Epidemic activity spread to Brazil in 2014 and continued to spread throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. Despite ZIKV being zoonotic in origin, information about transmission, or even exposure of non-human vertebrates and mosquitoes to ZIKV in the Americas, is lacking. Accordingly, from February 2017 to March 2018, we sought evidence of sylvatic ZIKV transmission by sampling whole blood from approximately 2000 domestic and wild vertebrates of over 100 species in West-Central Brazil within the active human ZIKV transmission area. In addition, we collected over 24,300 mosquitoes of at least 17 genera and 62 species. We screened whole blood samples and mosquito pools for ZIKV RNA using pan-flavivirus primers in a real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in a SYBR Green platform. Positives were confirmed using ZIKV-specific envelope gene real-time RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing. Of the 2068 vertebrates tested, none were ZIKV positive. Of the 23,315 non-engorged mosquitoes consolidated into 1503 pools tested, 22 (1.5%) with full data available showed some degree of homology to insect-specific flaviviruses. To identify previous exposure to ZIKV, 1498 plasma samples representing 62 species of domestic and sylvatic vertebrates were tested for ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90). From these, 23 (1.5%) of seven species were seropositive for ZIKV and negative for dengue virus serotype 2, yellow fever virus, and West Nile virus, suggesting potential monotypic reaction for ZIKV. Results presented here suggest no active transmission of ZIKV in non-human vertebrate populations or in alternative vector candidates, but suggest that vertebrates around human populations have indeed been exposed to ZIKV in West-Central Brazil.