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Composition, thermal behavior and antioxidant activity of pracaxi (Pentaclethra macroloba) seed oil obtained by supercritical CO2

2020; Elsevier BV; Volume: 24; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101521

1878-8181

Gerson Lopes Teixeira, Laércio Galvão Maciel, Simone Mazzutti, Cintia B. Gonçalves, Sandra Regina Salvador Ferreira, Jane Mara Block,

Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis

The Amazonian tree Pentaclethra macroloba (pracaxi) has pod-shaped fruits with flattened seeds mostly composed of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, besides secondary compounds, which provide potential use by many industries. This study evaluated the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction of pracaxi seed oil (PSO) at different conditions of pressure (200–300 bar) and temperature (40–60 °C). The PSO was assessed for its fatty acids and triacylglycerols (TAG) compositions, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, as well as the oxidative stability and thermal behavior. SC-CO2 extractions provided oil yields (Ye) from 12 to 42 g/100 g, which represented up to 79% of the Ye obtained with hexane (Soxhlet). The pressure was the only significant variable (p < 0.05) on SC-CO2 Ye. In general, PSO showed a fatty acid profile rich in oleic, behenic, and linoleic acids (53.46, 16.54%, 12.22%, respectively), which reflected in the TAG structure mostly composed of Oleic-Oleic-Oleic, Oleic-Oleic-Behenic, and Oleic-Oleic-Linoleic (20.24, 16.10, and 13.21%, respectively). PSO samples also presented phenolic compounds (30.28–54.05 mg GAE/kg), and high stability to oxidation (11.38 h). The in vitro antioxidant activity was 0.935–2.273 μM Fe2+/kg for FRAP; 138.34–300.01 mg AAE/kg for CUPRAC; 21.81–41.03% inhibition of DPPH, and 8.60–24.84% inhibition of lipid peroxidation. DSC analysis showed a typical behavior for PSO with two major peaks under crystallization and one peak after melting, which revealed that this oil might present fat crystals at refrigeration temperature, but is liquid at 20 °C. The SC-CO2 represents an ecofriendly and sustainable approach for valorizing pracaxi seeds and obtaining high-valued coproducts.