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The X Files: “The Mystery of X Chromosome Instability in Alzheimer’s Disease”

2020; Frontiers Media; Volume: 10; Linguagem: Inglês

10.3389/fgene.2019.01368

1664-8021

Vladan Bajić, Magbubah Essack, Lada Živković, Alan J. Stewart, Sonja Zafirović, Vladimir B. Bajić, Takashi Gojobori, Esma R. Isenović, Biljana Spremo‐Potparević,

Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics

Many years have passed from the discovery that a genetic component on chromosome 21 is the fundamental cause of early-onset, but also to the late onset of Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). In the genetic sense, only the apolipoprotein E4 gene is found to be a risk factor for LOAD. Genetic risk assessment has not changed fundamentally in recent years despite the hypothesis that many additional unidentified genes are likely playing a role in AD development. In this review, we elaborate the role of X chromosome epigenetics in the controversial findings from genome-wide association studies of the protocadherin 11 gene and hypothesize that the other genetic risk factors may be based on X-chromosome epigenetics in AD.