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2-D to 3-D conversion of WO3 nanostructures using structure directing agent for enhanced NO2 gas sensing performance

2020; Elsevier BV; Volume: 304; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.sna.2020.111882

1873-3069

Sonali A. Beknalkar, Vithoba L. Patil, N.S. Harale, Mahesh P. Suryawanshi, Abhishek Patil, V. B. Patil, Jin Hyeok Kim, P.S. Patil,

Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies

Abstract An exotic 3-D tungsten oxide (WO3) microflower was synthesized via low-cost and environmental-friendly hydrothermal strategy. The effect of structure-directing agent on the formation of 3-D microflowers from a 2-D nanosheets of WO3 and its gas sensing behavior are investigated. The as-synthesized WO3 powder was used in morphological, structural and phase studies by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FT-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The WO3 samples were found to be polycrystalline with monoclinic crystal structure. The SEM micrographs revealed the formation of 3-D microflowers made up of two-dimensional (2-D) multi-directional dendritic nanoplates. The potassium hydroxide (KOH) acts as a structure-directing agent in the formation of 3-D microflowers of WO3 sample. To further understand the formation of 3-D microflowers of WO3 sample, concentration-dependent experiments were carried out by varying KOH concentration and the formation mechanism was investigated. The synthesized WO3 microstructures were subjected to detailed gas sensing tests for different gases at an optimized temperature. A selective, sensitive gas response was obtained for WO3 gas sensor. The lower detection limit is about 1 ppm at 150 °C working temperature for an optimized WO3 gas sensor. The gas sensing results indicate that the 3-D microflower-like WO3 nanostructures are highly promising for applications as gas sensors.