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Synergistic Effects of Ketamine and Azole Derivatives on Candida Spp. Resistance to Fluconazole

2020; Future Medicine; Volume: 15; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.2217/fmb-2019-0082

1746-0921

João Batista de Andrade Neto, Cecília Rocha da Silva, Fátima Daiana Dias Barroso, Lívia Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá, Rosana de Sousa Campos, Francisca Bruna Stefany Aires do Nascimento, Sandro Serpa, Anderson Ramos da Silva, Lisandra Juvêncio da Silva, Igor de Sá Carneiro, Helaine Almeida Queiroz, Jacó Ricarte Lima de Mesquita, Bruno C. Cavalcanti, Manoel Odorico de Moraes, Hélio Vitoriano Nobre Júnior,

Phenothiazines and Benzothiazines Synthesis and Activities

The emergence of Candida spp. with resistance to antifungal molecules, mainly the azole class, is an increasing complication in hospitals around the globe. Aim: In the present research, we evaluated the synergistic effects of ketamine with two azole derivatives, itraconazole and fluconazole, on strains of Candida spp. to fluconazole. Materials & methods: The drug synergy was evaluated by quantifying the fractional inhibitory concentration index and by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry techniques. Results: Our achievements showed a synergistic effect between ketamine in addition to the two antifungal agents (fluconazole and itraconazole) against planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida spp. Conclusion: This combination promoted alteration of membrane integrity, generation of reactive oxygen species, damage to and DNA and externalization of phosphatidylserine.