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Anesthesia-related Ramifications of Benjamin Franklin’s Ether-based Refrigeration

2020; Elsevier BV; Volume: 6; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.janh.2020.02.002

2352-4537

Theodore A. Alston,

Medical History and Innovations

In 1758, Benjamin Franklin froze water by means of the evaporation of diethyl ether. Diethyl ether became the coolant in early mechanical refrigerators and ice makers. Refrigeration advances by Carl von Linde and others provide medical oxygen from the air, liquid nitrogen for cryopreservation and cryoablation, xenon for inhaled anesthesia, and liquid helium for supercooling of magnetic resonance image scanners.