Three Botrytis Species Found Causing Gray Mold on Industrial Hemp ( Cannabis sativa ) in Oregon
2020; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 104; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-01-20-0055-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
Autores Tópico(s)Powdery Mildew Fungal Diseases
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 7Three Botrytis Species Found Causing Gray Mold on Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa) in Oregon PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseThree Botrytis Species Found Causing Gray Mold on Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa) in OregonA. R. GarfinkelA. R. Garfinkel†Corresponding author: A. R. Garfinkel; E-mail Address: andrea@jackhempicine.comhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-1379-0614Oregon CBD, Independence, ORSearch for more papers by this author AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations A. R. Garfinkel † Oregon CBD, Independence, OR Published Online:12 May 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-20-0055-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat In September and October of 2019, flowers of hemp plants in Polk and Linn counties in Oregon showed symptoms of die-back with necrosis of the tissues, resulting in significant yield reductions. The tops of the inflorescences were often the most severely affected with the infection sometimes moving down into the petiole or stem. Up to 90% of the plants in these fields had at least one flower infection present; however, foliar symptoms (lesions) were not observed. Gray to white mycelium and Botrytis-like conidiophores could often be seen arising from host tissue. The fungus was recovered from colonized plant tissues either by placing conidia directly onto a Petri dish containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) or placing a small piece of surface-sterilized plant tissue onto PDA. A total of 23 pure cultures were recovered from three fields. All cultures displayed white to gray, fast-growing mycelium within which conidiophores sometimes developed bearing Botryose clusters of conidia, followed by the formation of black sclerotia in all isolates. Because morphology does not allow for distinguishing among cryptic species in the genus, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene sequences (Staats et al. 2005) were generated to identify species (GenBank accession nos. MN909293 to MN909315). Twenty isolates shared >99 to 100% sequence identity to Botrytis cinerea type specimen isolate B05.10 (accession no. JQ036050), two isolates shared >99% sequence identity to Botrytis pseudocinerea type specimen isolate 10091 (accession no. JN692414), and one isolate shared >99% sequence identity to isolates representing a published but unnamed species of Botrytis (accession no. KY200370 as an example) (Garfinkel et al. 2019). One isolate from each representative species was selected for pathogenicity trials. Isolates LV05 (B. cinerea), LV20 (B. pseudocinerea), and LV07 (Botrytis sp.) were grown on PDA. After 48 h, plugs 4 mm in diameter were cut from the margin of the actively growing colony and placed mycelium-side down on the inflorescence of potted CBD-type industrial hemp plants. All inoculated flowers were female and in the receptive stage, displaying white stigmas. Uninoculated flowers were used as controls. Plants were placed in grow tents and kept at 20°C in the dark for 3 days under high humidity conditions. Two plugs per isolate were placed onto four plants each for a total of eight replicates per Botrytis species. After 7 days, a dry necrosis or a wet decay of the flowers and surrounding leaves was visible. Symptoms were often accompanied with profuse epiphytic mycelium surrounding and within the flower clusters. The symptoms seen in pathogenicity trials were consistent with those seen in the field and those described in the literature (McPartland 1996) with no obvious differences in the symptoms or their severity among species. The fungus was reisolated from plant tissue for every replicate of all of the three Botrytis species as per the surface sterilization method; the fungus was not isolated from controls. Although B. cinerea has been reported to cause disease on C. sativa in the state of Oregon, this work is the first to describe the completion of Koch’s postulates with B. cinerea isolated from Oregon hemp. Additionally, to our knowledge, only B. cinerea has been previously reported to cause disease on C. sativa; this is the first time B. pseudocinerea or the novel Botrytis species have been reported on this crop anywhere in the world. As additional samples are taken from hemp throughout the United States, these and other Botrytis species will likely be found in Oregon and other growing regions.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Garfinkel, A. R., et al. 2019. Sci. Rep. 9:6671. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43165-y Crossref, Google ScholarMcPartland, J. M. 1996. J. Int. Hemp Plant Assoc. 3:19. Google ScholarStaats, M., et al. 2005. Mol. Biol. Evol. 22:333. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msi020 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 7 July 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionA cucumber plant with a light gray lesion of charcoal rot at the soil line and microsclerotia visible on the stem (D. S. Egel et al.). Photo credit: D. S. Egel. Rot and discolored sepals of persimmon fruit caused by Mucor inaequisporus (S.-Y. Lee and H.-Y. Jung). Photo credit: H.-Y. Jung. Metrics Downloaded 1,684 times Article History Issue Date: 2 Jul 2020Published: 12 May 2020First Look: 10 Mar 2020Accepted: 8 Mar 2020 Pages: 2026-2026 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyKeywordsCBDfungibud rotdiseasepathogensflower rotThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited ByAlternaria species causing leaf spot on hemp (Cannabis sativa) in Northern China28 January 2022 | European Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 162, No. 4Biocontrol Activity of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Against Botrytis cinerea and Other Cannabis Fungal PathogensCarole Balthazar, Amy Novinscak, Gabrielle Cantin, David L. 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