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First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by an Erysiphe sp. on Aristolochia debilis in China

2020; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 104; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-01-20-0007-pdn

1943-7692

Mo Zhu, Jie Ji, Miao Zhao, Jinyan Chai, Yong-Fang Li,

Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 7First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by an Erysiphe sp. on Aristolochia debilis in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by an Erysiphe sp. on Aristolochia debilis in ChinaMo Zhu, Jie Ji, Miao Zhao, Jinyan Chai, and Yong-Fang LiMo Zhuhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0884-1368College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P.R. China, Jie JiCollege of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P.R. China, Miao ZhaoCollege of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P.R. China, Jinyan ChaiCollege of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P.R. China, and Yong-Fang Li†Corresponding author: Y.-F. Li; E-mail Address: [email protected]College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P.R. ChinaAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Mo Zhu Jie Ji Miao Zhao Jinyan Chai Yong-Fang Li † College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P.R. China Published Online:12 May 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-20-0007-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Aristolochia debilis is a perennial twining ornamental plant in China that is used as a food source for butterflies and occasionally sold as an ornamental plant. A. debilis was originally used in traditional Chinese medicine; however, a chemical produced by the plant, aristolochic acid, is a potent human carcinogen, and consequently treatment with A. debilis is no longer recommended (Chen et al. 2012). In September and October 2019, typical symptoms of powdery mildew were found on leaves of A. debilis plants at Henan Normal University (35.18°N; 113.52°E), Henan, China. White colonies were observed on adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaves. Infected leaves were collected and then monitored to determine the morphological characteristics of the pathogen. Foot cells (n = 25) were 35 to 70 μm long, and conidiophores (n = 50) were 70 to 150 × 6 to 10 μm (length × width) with three to four cells. Singly formed conidia were oblong-elliptical and were 27 to 49 × 10 to 16 μm (average [n = 50], 33 × 13 μm) with a length/width ratio of 2.5. No chasmothecia were observed. These morphological features indicate that this fungus belongs to Pseudoidium (asexual morph of the genus Erysiphe) (Braun and Cook 2012). Genomic DNA was extracted from hyphae attached to leaves using the method described previously (Zhu et al. 2019). The rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) utilizing fungi universal primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 and PMITS1/PMITS2 (Cunnington et al. 2003; White et al. 1990). PCR products were sequenced by Invitrogen (Shanghai, China), and the resulting sequences of 641 bp from ITS1/ITS4 and 774 bp from PMITS1/PMITS2 were deposited in GenBank (accession nos. MN700999 and MN701000, respectively). BLASTn analysis revealed that MN700999 was 99% identical to Erysiphe takamatsui (MK478870, 639 of 641 nucleotides), E. macleayae (JQ681217, 638 of 641 nucleotides), E. sedi (MN147817, 637 of 640 nucleotides), and E. circaeae (KY660882, 633 of 637 nucleotides) and that MN701000 was 99% identical to E. catalpa (KY653194, 676 of 679 nucleotides), Pseudoidium neolycopersici (AB032484, 672 of 676 nucleotides), and P. hortensiae (MG654731, 744 of 748 nucleotides). These results suggested that this fungus belongs to the E. aquilegiae clade (Takamatsu et al. 2015). Therefore, the causal organism of the powdery mildew was confirmed by morphological characteristics and ITS sequence data as Erysiphe sp. Pathogenicity was tested by gently pressing adaxial surfaces of infested leaves onto young leaves of three healthy A. debilis plants. Three noninoculated plants were used as a control. Inoculated and control plants were separated and maintained in growth chambers (light/dark, 16 h/8 h; temperature, 18°C). White powdery mildew colonies appeared 9 to 12 days after inoculation, whereas control plants remained asymptomatic. The fungus on the inoculated leaves was morphologically identical to that observed on the original diseased leaves. Erysiphe sp. has been reported from a number of hosts in China (Zheng and Chen 1981; Zhou et al. 2015). In Australia and Korea, Erysiphe sp. was reported on Catharanthus roseus, the first reported host outside the Ranunculaceae (Cho et al. 2017; Liberato and Cunnington 2006). To our best knowledge, there has been, so far, no report of Erysiphe sp. infecting A. debilis, and this is the first report of powdery mildew on A. debilis in China, as well as worldwide. Because this powdery mildew could affect the ornamental value of A. debilis plants and reduce the populations of a critical food source for butterflies, control management and strategies should be developed and followed.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Braun, U., and Cook, R. 2012. Taxonomic Manual of the Erysiphales. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Google ScholarChen, C.-H., et al. 2012. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109:8241. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1119920109 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarCho, S., et al. 2017. Plant Dis. 101:509. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-16-1456-PDN Link, Google ScholarCunnington, J. H., et al. 2003. Australas. Plant Pathol. 32:421. https://doi.org/10.1071/AP03045 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLiberato, J., and Cunnington, J. 2006. Australas. Plant Pathol. 35:291. https://doi.org/10.1071/AP06002 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarTakamatsu, S., et al. 2015. Mycologia 107:475. https://doi.org/10.3852/15-007 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWhite, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Crossref, Google ScholarZheng, R., and Chen, G. 1981. Sydowia 34:214. Google ScholarZhou, R., et al. 2015. Phytoparasitica 43:15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-014-0412-7 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarZhu, M., et al. 2019. Fungal Biol. 123:218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2018.12.002 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: This work was financially supported by Foundation for the Key Research Program of Higher Education of Henan (20A210026) and Doctor Initiative Foundation of Henan Normal University to Mo Zhu (5101049170196).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 7 July 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionA cucumber plant with a light gray lesion of charcoal rot at the soil line and microsclerotia visible on the stem (D. S. Egel et al.). Photo credit: D. S. Egel. Rot and discolored sepals of persimmon fruit caused by Mucor inaequisporus (S.-Y. Lee and H.-Y. Jung). Photo credit: H.-Y. Jung. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 2 Jul 2020Published: 12 May 2020First Look: 9 Mar 2020Accepted: 6 Mar 2020 Pages: 2028-2028 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingFoundation for the Key Research Program of Higher Education of HenanGrant/Award Number: 20A210026Doctor Initiative Foundation of Henan Normal UniversityGrant/Award Number: 5101049170196Keywordspowdery mildewErysipheAristolochia debilismorphological featuresinternal transcribed spacer (ITS)The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited byDeciphering the genome of Simplicillium aogashimaense to understand its mechanisms against the wheat powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici6 May 2022 | Phytopathology Research, Vol. 4, No. 1Erysiphe ruyongzhengiana sp. nov., a new powdery mildew species on Aristolochia debilis, belonging to the Erysiphe aquilegiae cladeMycoscience, Vol. 63, No. 4Podosphaera xanthii causing powdery mildew on Impatiens balsamina in China16 December 2021 | Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 44, No. 3