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Pharmacological Effects and Toxicogenetic Impacts of Omeprazole: Genomic Instability and Cancer

2020; Hindawi Publishing Corporation; Volume: 2020; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1155/2020/3457890

1942-0900

Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz, Marcus Vinícius Oliveira Barros de Alencar, Rodrigo Maciel Paulino de Lima, André Luiz Pinho Sobral, Glauto Tuquarre Melo do Nascimento, Cristiane Amaral dos Reis, Maria do Perpetuo Socorro de Sousa Coêlho, Maria Luísa Lima Barreto do Nascimento, Antônio Luíz Gomes Júnior, Kátia da Conceição Machado, Ag‐Anne Pereira Melo de Menezes, Rosália Maria Tôrres de Lima, José Williams Gomes de Oliveira Filho, Ana Carolina Soares Dias, Antonielly Campinho dos Reis, Ana Maria Oliveira Ferreira da Mata, Sônia Alves Machado, Carlos Dimas de Carvalho Sousa, Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro da Silva, Muhammad Torequl Islam, João Marcelo de Castro e Sousa, Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo Cavalcante,

Ion Transport and Channel Regulation

Omeprazole (OME) is commonly used to treat gastrointestinal disorders. However, long-term use of OME can increase the risk of gastric cancer. We aimed to characterize the pharmacological effects of OME and to correlate its adverse effects and toxicogenetic risks to the genomic instability mechanisms and cancer-based on database reports. Thus, a search (till Aug 2019) was made in the PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect with relevant keywords. Based on the study objective, we included 80 clinical reports, forty-six in vitro , and 76 in vivo studies . While controversial, the findings suggest that long-term use of OME (5 to 40 mg/kg) can induce genomic instability. On the other hand, OME-mediated protective effects are well reported and related to proton pump blockade and anti-inflammatory activity through an increase in gastric flow, anti-inflammatory markers (COX-2 and interleukins) and antiapoptotic markers (caspases and BCL-2), glycoprotein expression, and neutrophil infiltration reduction. The reported adverse and toxic effects, especially in clinical studies, were atrophic gastritis, cobalamin deficiencies, homeostasis disorders, polyp development, hepatotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. This study highlights that OME may induce genomic instability and increase the risk of certain types of cancer. Therefore, adequate precautions should be taken, especially in its long-term therapeutic strategies and self-medication practices.