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In Memoriam : Inessa B. Kozlovskaya, MD, PhD, 2 June 1927–19 February 2020

2020; American Physiological Society; Volume: 128; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Indonésio

10.1152/japplphysiol.00217.2020

8750-7587

Sue C. Bodine, О. И. Орлов, A. I. Grigoriev, Elena Tomilovskaya, Б. С. Шенкман,

Healthcare Systems and Public Health

EditorialIn Memoriam: Inessa B. Kozlovskaya, MD, PhD, 2 June 1927–19 February 2020Sue C. Bodine, Oleg I. Orlov, Anatoly I. Grigoriev, Elena S. Tomilovskaya, and Boris S. ShenkmanSue C. BodineUniversity of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, Oleg I. OrlovInstitute of Biomedical Problems of RAS, Moscow, Russia, Anatoly I. GrigorievInstitute of Biomedical Problems of RAS, Moscow, Russia, Elena S. TomilovskayaInstitute of Biomedical Problems of RAS, Moscow, Russia, and Boris S. ShenkmanInstitute of Biomedical Problems of RAS, Moscow, RussiaPublished Online:15 Apr 2020https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00217.2020This is the final version - click for previous versionMoreSectionsPDF (70 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat It is with great sadness that I communicate the passing of Dr. Inessa Kozlovskaya to the physiology community. The following “In Memoriam” by her long-time colleagues, Oleg I. Orlov, Anatoly I. Grigoriev, Elena S. Tomilovskaya, and Boris S. Shenkman from the Institute of Biomedical Problems of RAS, Moscow, Russia, describes the remarkable life and scientific contributions of Dr. Kozlovskaya. I had the great fortune to work with Inessa Kozlovskaya on three BION missions in Russia. She was a remarkable scientist and person who contributed major advancements to Space Biology and Medicine. She will be remembered for her science, but also her kindness and generosity. She will be greatly missed.—Sue C. Bodine, Editor-in-ChiefIN MEMORIAMInessa Kozlovskaya, a brilliant scientist, an extraordinary person and teacher, has passed away February 19 after a serious illness. She was 92 years old.Inessa Kozlovskaya was an outstanding specialist in the field of gravitational physiology. For many years she was the head of the Department of Sensorimotor Physiology and Countermeasures at the Institute of Biomedical Problems of RAS. Since early childhood, Inessa was an active and creative person with outstanding qualities of a leader and rare abilities for science. Her scientific career began at the First Moscow Medical Institute, from which she graduated in 1951. In 1954 Inessa Kozlovskaya received a PhD in physiology and began teaching. In 1960, she got a job at the Institute of Higher Nervous Activity (Moscow). From 1966 to 1971, Dr. Kozlovskaya was engaged in research in the laboratory of Dr. Neal Miller at the Rockefeller University (New York, USA) and the New York Medical College under the guidance of Professor W. Brooks. After returning to Moscow in 1971, she moved to The Institute for Information Transmission Problems of RAS. In 1976 Dr. Kozlovskaya successfully defended her doctoral thesis and became a recognized expert in the physiology of the cerebellum. In her clinical studies Inessa Kozlovskaya established functional differences in the activity of the two main cerebellar systems (lateral and intermediate zones of cerebellum) in the control of voluntary movements in humans. Primate experiments on the role of dentate and interposed nuclei of the cerebellum in precision movements allowed Inessa Kozlovskaya to formulate general concepts of neurophysiological mechanisms underlying cerebellar control of voluntary movements.In 1977, unexpectedly for everyone, following an invitation by academician Oleg Gazenko, Inessa Kozlovskaya joined the Institute of Biomedical Problems of RAS (Moscow). In a completely new field of research, she rapidly became one of the prominent researchers in gravitational physiology. Dr. Kozlovskaya and her colleagues conducted comprehensive studies on the effects of microgravity on the motor system of rhesus monkeys flown on biosatellites “Cosmos.” They also were involved in examinations of Russian crewmembers who took part in Salyut, Mir, and ISS missions. Dr. Kozlovskaya and colleagues organized numerous ground-based human studies simulating microgravity (bed rest, dry immersion) that allowed for identification of the patterns of sensory and sensorimotor functions, as well as to develop effective countermeasures against the adverse effects of microgravity, which today are widely used in long-duration space missions. Inessa Kozlovskaya and her research team made a significant contribution to the elucidation of gravitational mechanisms in the motor system and to the practice of manned space flights. Professor Kozlovskaya opened a new chapter in the physiology of sensory systems: the theory of support afferentation, a new gravity-dependent type of sensory systems that determines the pattern of postural activity and affects mechanisms of motor control. Inessa Kozlovskaya is a recognized leader in the development of methods for the prevention of motor disorders caused by the action of weightlessness. Scientific approaches developed by Dr. Kozlovskaya found application in clinical, aviation, and sports medicine.Over the course of her career, which spanned more than six decades, Inessa Kozlovskaya received many accolades, including the title of corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the “Honored Worker of Science of the Russian Federation” award, the Orbeli award from the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Nelo Pace award from the International Society for Gravitational Physiology, the International Academy of Astronautics Life Sciences prize, and the J. Sutton award “For scientific achievements that have advanced the field of space medicine.”Aside from her fundamental contributions to the advancement of science, Inessa Kozlovskaya will be fondly remembered for the depth of her kindness, her fairness and justice, her optimistic outlook, and openness to new ideas. Her students, colleagues, and scientists of our Institute will always keep a good memory of Inessa Kozlovskaya, an outstanding scientist and wonderful person.DISCLOSURESNo author conflict of interest, financial or otherwise, is declared by the authors.AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONSS.C.B., O.I.O., A.I.G., E.S.T., and B.S.S. drafted, edited, revised, and approved final version of manuscript.AUTHOR NOTESAddress for reprint requests and other correspondence: S. C. Bodine, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Univ. of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 285 Newton Rd., Iowa City, IA 52242 (e-mail: [email protected]edu).This article has no references to display. Download PDF Back to Top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByPsychophysiological Indicators of Postural Control. Contribution of the Russian Scientific School. Part I19 April 2022 | Human Physiology, Vol. 48, No. 2 More from this issue > Volume 128Issue 4April 2020Pages 1090-1091 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 the American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00217.2020PubMed32213144History Received 25 March 2020 Accepted 25 March 2020 Published online 15 April 2020 Published in print 1 April 2020 Metrics