First Report of Meloidogyne enterolobii on Cotton in Brazil
2020; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 104; Issue: 8 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-02-20-0365-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresRafael Galbieri, Richard F. Davis, Leonardo B. Scoz, Jean-Louis Bélot, Andrea M. Skantar,
Tópico(s)Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 8First Report of Meloidogyne enterolobii on Cotton in Brazil PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Meloidogyne enterolobii on Cotton in BrazilR. Galbieri, R. F. Davis, L. B. Scoz, J. L. Belot, and A. M. SkantarR. GalbieriInstituto Mato-grossense do Algodão (IMAmt), Department of Plant Pathology, Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso, Brazil, R. F. Davis†Corresponding author: R. F. Davis; E-mail Address: richard.davis@ars.usda.govhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-9664-1125USDA Agricultural Research Service, Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, Tifton, GA 31793, U.S.A., L. B. ScozInstituto Mato-grossense do Algodão (IMAmt), Department of Molecular Biology, Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil, J. L. BelotInstituto Mato-grossense do Algodão (IMAmt), Department of Plant Breeding, Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso, Brazil, and A. M. Skantarhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-8940-2580USDA Agricultural Research Service, Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A. AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations R. Galbieri1 R. F. Davis2 † L. B. Scoz3 J. L. Belot4 A. M. Skantar5 1Instituto Mato-grossense do Algodão (IMAmt), Department of Plant Pathology, Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso, Brazil 2USDA Agricultural Research Service, Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, Tifton, GA 31793, U.S.A. 3Instituto Mato-grossense do Algodão (IMAmt), Department of Molecular Biology, Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil 4Instituto Mato-grossense do Algodão (IMAmt), Department of Plant Breeding, Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso, Brazil 5USDA Agricultural Research Service, Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A. Published Online:16 Jun 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-20-0365-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat A cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) field in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil was identified in March 2019 with plants showing reduced size, chlorosis, and root galls in a cotton cultivar with resistance to Meloidogyne incognita (cv. IMA 5801B2RF, resistance source M-315 RNR). The galls were noticeably larger than galls typically associated with M. incognita-infected cotton plants. Larger than expected galls on cotton had been reported for Meloidogyne enterolobii-infected cotton in the southeastern United States (Ye et al. 2013). The numerous large galls on an M. incognita-resistant cultivar suggested that the cotton plants found in Brazil might be infected by M. enterolobii. Sixty-eight samples each of soil and roots were collected from approximately 40 ha of the infested field 90 days after planting, and the samples were sent to the Nematology Laboratory of the Instituto Mato-grossense do Algodão (IMAmt) for nematode identification. Individual samples from the plant root zone consisted of one 25-cm-deep core (∼1 kg) containing both soil and roots. An average of 604 vermiform Meloidogyne sp. per 200 cm3 of soil were found in soil samples, and 794 Meloidogyne sp. per gram of fresh root were identified on the root samples. The mean root gall rating of the samples was 6.1 (rating scale of 0 to 10). The soil texture was 81% sand, 5.3% silt, and 13.7% clay, with pH = 6.5. The nematode was isolated from the 10 samples with the most Meloidogyne juveniles and increased on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum 'Rutgers'). After 50 days, 100 females were extracted from each of the 10 samples on tomato roots and subjected to SCAR PCR using primers specific for either M. enterolobii, M. incognita, or M. javanica (Cunha et al. 2018; Dong et al. 2001; Tigano et al. 2010; Zijlstra et al. 2000). Based on the specific amplicon sizes produced, these markers correctly identified known standards as either M. incognita or M. javanica, whereas the unknown samples were identified as M. enterolobii. DNA was extracted from three representative females and subjected to PCR and sequencing of the mitochondrial region from COII to tRNA-His, using primers C2F2 and 1108 as described (Skantar et al. 2008), yielding amplicons of between 627 and 671 bp. Sequences were assigned GenBank numbers (MT066166 to MT066168). BLAST searches against the NCBI nonredundant database yielded 100% matches to several entries from M. enterolobii, including AY446969, the Florida population first reported in 2004 as M. mayaguensis (later synonymized with M. enterolobii). Therefore, we conclude that the unknown species found in the Brazilian cotton field was unequivocally M. enterolobii. To verify reproduction on cotton, the nematode (a mix of the 10 isolates used for PCR) was added to 1-liter pots with individual cotton plants 10 days after planting (7,000 eggs plus J2s/pot with 11 replications), and nematodes were extracted 50 days later. The cotton genotypes evaluated were FM 966, Auburn 56, Auburn 612 RNR, M-315 RNR, M-240 RNR, M-120 RNR, and IMA 5801B2RF, and all of them were susceptible to the nematode (Auburn 612 RNR, M-315 RNR, M-240 RNR, M-120 RNR, and IMA 5801B2RF have high levels of resistance to M. incognita). Gall ratings on the five M. incognita-resistant genotypes ranged from 3.7 to 6.7, and reproduction factors (RF = populationinitial/populationfinal) ranged from 5.3 to 10.0, whereas gall ratings and RF on the more M. incognita-susceptible genotypes ranged from 6.1 to 6.5 and 19.6 to 20.3, respectively. This is the first report of the natural infection of cotton by M. enterolobii in Brazil. M. enterolobii is a major threat to cotton production due to the significant damage caused to the crop, the high level of reproduction, the wide host range of the nematode, and the total lack of a known resistance source to this nematode in cotton.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Cunha, T. G., et al. 2018. Cienc. Rural 48:e20170449. Google ScholarDong, K., et al. 2001. Nematropica 31:271. ISI, Google ScholarSkantar, A. M., et al. 2008. J. Nematol. 40:179. ISI, Google ScholarTigano, M., et al. 2010. Plant Pathol. 59:1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02350.x Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarYe, W. M., et al. 2013. Plant Dis. 97:1262. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-13-0228-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarZijlstra, C., et al. 2000. Nematology 2:847. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 8 August 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionApple scab lesions on h(11) Malus baccata 'Jackii' found in 2011 at Skierniewice, Poland (A. Patocchi et al.). Photo credit: A. Patocchi. Healthy `ōhi`a seedling growing from a crack in a lava field (M. A. Hughes et al.). Photo credit: K. Hughes. Metrics Downloaded 855 times Article History Issue Date: 28 Jul 2020Published: 16 Jun 2020First Look: 30 Mar 2020Accepted: 25 Mar 2020 Pages: 2295-2295 InformationThis article is in the public domain and not copyrightable. It may be freely reprinted with customary crediting of the source. The American Phytopathological Society, 2020.KeywordscottonGossypium hirsutumguava root-knot nematodecultivar resistanceMeloidogyne enterolobiiThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited ByCastor bean as an option for Meloidogyne incognita management in cotton23 July 2021 | International Journal of Pest Management, Vol. 33
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