La persecución de garibaldi por las tropas aliadas en 1849
2019; Instituto de Historia y Cultura Militar; Issue: 125 Linguagem: Espanhol
ISSN
2530-1950
Autores Tópico(s)Spanish History and Politics
ResumoespanolEl 9 de febrero de 1849 la Asamblea Constituyente Romana proclamo la Republica y la caida del poder temporal del Papado. En ayuda del Pontifice, exiliado en Gaeta, acudieron los ejercitos de Austria, Espana, Francia y Napoles. Despues de dos meses de asedio, el 3 de julio las tropas francesas conquistaron Roma, donde se habian concentrado las fuerzas de la recien creada Republica romana. Extranamente, la tarde anterior permitieron que Garibaldi saliera de la ciudad con 5000 hombres. Segun la historiografia del Risorgimento italiano, la pericia militar del condotiero italiano consiguio eludir la persecucion de las tropas aliadas y refugiarse en la Republica de San Marino. Sin embargo, la investigacion llevaba a cabo en este estudio demuestra que no fue asi. Las tropas napolitanas no se movieron de sus fronteras, las francesas solo buscaron ampliar su zona de influencia y proteger el territorio de las exacciones de los garibaldinos, y las espanolas iniciaron la persecucion demasiado tarde para que esta tuviese exito. Solo las austriacas consiguieron estrechar el cerco a Garibaldi cuando entro en su zona de influencia, refugiandose en San Marino. La falta de cooperacion y coordinacion de las operaciones aliadas y la carencia de un mando unico permitieron su huida. EnglishOn February 9, 1849, the Roman Constituent Assembly proclaimed the Republic and the fall of the Pope’s temporal power. The armies of Austria, Spain, France and Naples came to aid the Pope who was into exile in Gaeta. After two months of siege, on July 3 the French troops conquered Rome, where the forces of the new Roman Republic were gathered. Strangely enough, the French militaries permitted the Italian leader Garibaldi to abandon the city the evening before with 5.000 soldiers. According to the Italian Risorgimento historiography, the allied forces went in pursuit of Garibaldi but he managed to elude them and to reach San Marino because of his military skill. The present study shows, however, that the actual facts depart from that thesis. The Neapolitan troops did not abandon their boundaries, the French troops manoeuvred to enlarge their influence area and to protect their territory from exaction by Garibaldian forces, ande the Spanish troops started prosecuting Garibaldi too late to be successful. Only the Austrian troops managed to hound them and to push them for shelter in San Marino. As a matter of fact, it was the lack of cooperation and coordination of the allied operations, as well as their lack of a unified command, that permitted the Italian leader to flee
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