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F-doping of nanostructured ZnO: a way to modify structural, electronic, and surface properties

2020; Royal Society of Chemistry; Volume: 22; Issue: 20 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1039/d0cp00545b

1463-9084

Elisabeth H. Wolf, Marie-Mathilde Millet, Friedrich Seitz, Frenio A. Redeker, Wiebke Riedel, Gudrun Scholz, Walid Hetaba, Detre Teschner, Sabine Wrabetz, Frank Girgsdies, Alexander Klyushin, Thomas Risse, Sebastian Riedel, Elias Frei,

Ga2O3 and related materials

Polycrystalline ZnO is a material often used in heterogeneous catalysis. Its properties can be altered by the addition of dopants. We used gaseous fluorine (F2(g)) as direct way to incorporate fluoride in ZnO as anionic dopants. Here, the consequences of this treatment on the structural and electronic properties, as well as on the acidic/basic sites of the surface, are investigated. It is shown that the amount of F incorporation into the structure can be controlled by the synthesis parameters (t, T, p). While the surface of ZnO was altered as shown by, e.g., IR spectroscopy, XPS, and STEM/EDX measurements, the F2 treatment also influenced the electronic properties (optical band gap, conductivity) of ZnO. Furthermore, the Lewis acidity/basicity of the surface was affected which is evidenced by using, e.g., different probe molecules (CO2, NH3). In situ investigations of the fluorination process offer valuable insights on the fluorination process itself.