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First Report of Beech Leaf Disease, Caused by the Foliar Nematode, Litylenchus crenatae mccannii , on American Beech ( Fagus grandifolia ) in Connecticut

2020; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 104; Issue: 9 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-02-20-0442-pdn

1943-7692

Robert E. Marra, J. A. LaMondia,

Forest Insect Ecology and Management

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 9First Report of Beech Leaf Disease, Caused by the Foliar Nematode, Litylenchus crenatae mccannii, on American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) in Connecticut PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Beech Leaf Disease, Caused by the Foliar Nematode, Litylenchus crenatae mccannii, on American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) in ConnecticutR. E. Marra and J. A. LaMondiaR. E. Marra†Corresponding author: R. E. Marra; E-mail Address: robert.marra@ct.govhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-5357-3270The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511 and J. A. LaMondiaThe Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Windsor, CT 06095 AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations R. E. Marra1 † J. A. LaMondia2 1The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511 2The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Windsor, CT 06095 Published Online:8 Jul 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-20-0442-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat First discovered in 2012 in Lake County, Ohio, beech leaf disease (BLD) has since spread to stands of American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) across much of northern Ohio, western and northern Pennsylvania, New York, and Ontario, Canada (Ewing et al. 2018), and has also been found on European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Ohio. The disease is characterized by dark interveinal banding of leaves appearing soon after spring flush, and in advanced stages results in canopy thinning, followed in some cases by tree mortality. Nematodes extracted from symptomatic leaves of American and European beech in North America were confirmed to be most similar to Litylenchus crenatae Kanzaki (Tylenchomorpha: Anguinidae), a nematode associated with leaf gall symptoms on Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) (Kanzaki et al. 2019). However, because North American populations differ in morphology, host range, and ribosomal DNA marker from those in Japan, the North American nematodes associated with BLD have been designated subspecies L. crenatae mccannii (Carta et al. 2020). Inoculation of beech seedlings with freshly isolated L. crenatae mccannii nematodes resulted in BLD symptoms, confirming the nematode as a cause of BLD in North America (Carta et al. 2020). In the summer of 2019, BLD symptoms were found on American beech trees in Greenwich, Stamford, and New Canaan, Fairfield County, Connecticut. The disease was not observed beyond this area. Symptomatic leaf tissue contained females, males, and juveniles with morphometrics consistent with L. crenatae mccannii (Carta et al. 2020). Sequence of a 3.6-kb segment of the ribosomal DNA from an isolate from Bartlett Arboretum in Stamford was deposited in the GenBank database with accession number MT079193. A BLAST search returned a 100% match to similarly sized sequences encompassing partial 18S, partial 28S, and complete ITS and 5.8S sequences from North American L. crenatae mccannii strains 104H81 (GenBank MK292137) and 104H88 (GenBank MK292138) (Carta et al. 2020). Additionally, the BLAST search returned a 100% match to partial 28S (GenBank LC383725) and 99% matches to partial 18S (GenBank LC383723) and complete ITS and 5.8S (GenBank LC383724) sequences from L. crenatae (Kanzaki et al. 2019). This represents the first report of BLD in Connecticut and in New England. The American beech is an important and iconic tree of northern hardwood forests, serving as both habitat and food source for native wildlife. Given the rapid spread and mortality observed in Ohio, it is therefore important to document the occurrence and development of BLD as it spreads northward and eastward from southwestern Connecticut.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Carta, L. K., et al. 2020. Forest Pathol. 50:e12580. https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12580 Google ScholarEwing, C. J., et al. 2018. Forest Pathol. 49:e12488. https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12488 Google ScholarKanzaki, N., et al. 2019. Nematology 21:5. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003190 Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 9 September 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionRipening strawberry infected by Colletotrichum acutatum (M. Dowling et al.). Photo credit: M. Dowling. Diaporthe leaf spot caused by Diaporthe humulicola on hop cone tissue (E. Allan-Perkins et al.). Photo credit: M. Salvas. Metrics Downloaded 1,199 times Article History Issue Date: 26 Aug 2020Published: 8 Jul 2020First Look: 7 Apr 2020Accepted: 6 Apr 2020 Page: 2527 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyKeywordsbeech leaf diseaseLitylenchus crenatae mccanniiFagus grandifoliafoliar nematodesThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited ByThe distribution of beech leaf disease and the causal agents of beech bark disease (Cryptoccocus fagisuga, Neonectria faginata, N. ditissima) in forests surrounding Lake Erie and future implicationsForest Ecology and Management, Vol. 503The Foliar Microbiome Suggests that Fungal and Bacterial Agents May be Involved in the Beech Leaf Disease PathosystemCarrie J. 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