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Correlation between Serum Sodium and Potassium Levels and Risk of Developing Hypertension

2018; Volume: 5; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.21276/ijcmr.2018.5.11.15

2454-7379

Anil S Mane,

Sodium Intake and Health

Introduction: High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is one of the most well-known major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke.Several studies have suggested that the sodium and potassium are important determinants of blood pressure.We in the present study tried to evaluate the correlation between the serum sodium and potassium levels and development of hypertension. Material and Methods:This study was conducted in the Departments of General Medicine and Biochemistry SMBT Medical College and Hospital, Igatpuri, Nasik.The subjects were examined clinically and the physical examinations included measurement of height in cms, weight and blood pressure.Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.Blood Pressure was measured on the right arm using standard sphygmomanometer with participant seated quietly on a bench with back support after physical rest for 5 minutes.Overnight fasting venous blood samples were collected for the measurements of serum glucose, blood lipid, and electrolyte concentrations.Serum potassium and sodium levels were measured by the ion-selective electrode method.Results: A total of 169 subjects were included in the study out of which 95 (56.21%) were male and 74 (43.79%) were females.Out of the total 169 subjects, 49.12% were in the overweight category 30.76 were in the normal weight category and obese people were 20.11%.By logistic regression analysis among all the variables the serum potassium levels having an odds ratio of 2.1 and p values were 0.04 found to be significant.Higher BMI categories 25 -30 and > 30 had an odds ratio of 1.35 and 1.95 with p values less than 0.05 for both indicating that higher BMI is an important factor for the development of hypertension. Conclusion: serum sodium levels and serum potassiumwere significantly associated with the risk of development of hypertension.Higher BMI also has been found to be associated with hypertension.Therefore changing lifestyles and making people aware of the adverse effects of an increase in BMI and electrolyte imbalance causing hypertension and its complications may go long way in preventing this development in the population.