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First Report of Cladosporium tenuissimum Causing Blossom Blight on Strawberry in the Brazil

2020; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 104; Issue: 9 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-11-19-2499-pdn

1943-7692

Armínio Santos, Geraldo Gomes Rocha Sobrinho, Naasoom Luiz Santos Mesquita, Quelmo Silva de Novaes, Rafael José Vilela de Oliveira, Edna Dora Martins Newman Luz, José Luiz Bezerra,

Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 9First Report of Cladosporium tenuissimum Causing Blossom Blight on Strawberry in the Brazil PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Cladosporium tenuissimum Causing Blossom Blight on Strawberry in the BrazilA. Santos, G. G. Rocha Sobrinho, N. L. S. Mesquita, Q. S. Novaes, R. J. V. de Oliveira, E. D. M. N. Luz, and J. L. BezerraA. Santos†Corresponding author: A. Santos; E-mail Address: arminioo@gmail.comhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-8187Departamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, 45031-900, Vitória da Conquista, BA, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author, G. G. Rocha SobrinhoDepartamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, 45031-900, Vitória da Conquista, BA, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author, N. L. S. MesquitaDepartamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, 45031-900, Vitória da Conquista, BA, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author, Q. S. NovaesDepartamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, 45031-900, Vitória da Conquista, BA, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author, R. J. V. de OliveiraDepartamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-600, Recife, PE, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author, E. D. M. N. LuzCEPLAC, Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPEC), Itabuna, BA, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author, and J. L. BezerraCentro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations A. Santos1 † G. G. Rocha Sobrinho1 N. L. S. Mesquita1 Q. S. Novaes1 R. J. V. de Oliveira2 E. D. M. N. Luz3 J. L. Bezerra4 1Departamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, 45031-900, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil 2Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-600, Recife, PE, Brazil 3CEPLAC, Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPEC), Itabuna, BA, Brazil 4Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil Published Online:9 Jul 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-19-2499-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Blossom blight in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) was first detected in high tunnel covered field plantings of cultivar Monterey imported from Chile. This detection occurred in the municipality of Barra da Estiva, Bahia, Brazil, during the months of January and February 2018. The disease occurred during all seasons of the year, with an average incidence of ∼20%. Disease symptoms began with gray sporulation of the fungus on the stigmas and anthers of strawberry flowers, followed by necrosis and full flower abortion, similar to that described by Nam et al. (2015) in South Korea. The fungus was isolated directly from affected pistils, which were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates at 25°C with a 12-h dark/light cycle. Five isolates on PDA culture presented both immersed and superficial mycelium composed of branched hyphae, 1 to 5 μm wide, septate, subhyaline to pale brown, smooth, with thin walls. The conidiophores are macronematous, solitary, sometimes in groups of two to three, erect, straight or slightly flexuous, cylindrical, 5 to 7 μm wide, having intercalary swellings, sometimes slightly geniculate toward the apex, unbranched or branched, reaching 500 × 3 to 4 μm, septate, medium brown, smooth, possessing walls somewhat thickened, and presenting a swollen base. The conidiogenous cells are integrated, terminal and intercalary, cylindrical-oblong, 10 to 42 μm long, sub-denticulate to denticulate. The ramoconidia are rare, subcylindrical or cylindrical, 17 to 27 × 3 to 4 μm, continuous, sometimes one-septate, with a broadly truncate base, 2 to 3.5 μm wide. The conidia form branched chains with small terminal conidia, subglobose, obovoid, limoniform, sometimes globose, 4 to 5 × 2 to 3 μm, aseptate, apically rounded; the secondary ramoconidia are ellipsoid, fusiform to subcylindrical or cylindrical, 8 to 10 × 4 to 7 μm, with distal hila, zero- to one-septate, pale brown or pale olivaceous-brown, smooth, walls unthickened, attenuated toward apex and showing a basal hilum conspicuous, sub-denticulate to denticulate. Culture characteristics: colonies on PDA attained up to 84 mm in diameter after 14 days, smoke-gray, reverse gray to olivaceous-black, woolly to fluffy, margin glabrous to feathery, gray-olivaceous to white, aerial mycelium abundant, high, fluffy, smoke-gray, dense, without exudates, sporulating. These morphological characteristics fit the description of Cladosporium tenuissimum Cook (Bensch et al. 2012). Morphological identification was confirmed through phylogenetic analyses using the combined internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (TEF) sequences of related species. To amplify the ITS region and the TEF, the respective primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and EF1-728F/EF1-986R (Carbone and Kohn 1999) were used. The resulting sequences from one isolate have been deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers MK775118 (TEF) and MT241370 (ITS). BLASTn analysis revealed that the sequences were 100% identical to the respective ITS (MH864840) and TEF (HM148442) of the neotype strain of C. tenuissimum (CBS 125995). Phylogenetic analysis further confirmed the results. The pathogenicity test was performed with conidia of a 14-day-old culture, sprayed at a final concentration of 16.5 × 106 conidia/ml on flower clusters of Monterey variety strawberry plants. Nine plants and three flower clusters per plant were used. The inoculated plants were incubated in a dew plastic box at 25°C and 100% relative humidity. The same procedure was done with sterilized water sprayed on two control plants. All inoculated strawberry flowers reproduced symptoms of blossom blight within 2 days. C. tenuissimum was reisolated from the inoculated flowers. This is the first report of the occurrence of this fungus on strawberry blossom in Brazil, and the second report worldwide.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Bensch, K., et al. 2012. Stud. Mycol. 72:1. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0003 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarCarbone, L., and Kohn, L. M. 1999. Mycologia 91:553. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3761358. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061051 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarNam, M. H., et al. 2015. Mycobiology 43:354. https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2015.43.3.354 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWhite, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Crossref, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 9 September 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionRipening strawberry infected by Colletotrichum acutatum (M. Dowling et al.). Photo credit: M. Dowling. Diaporthe leaf spot caused by Diaporthe humulicola on hop cone tissue (E. Allan-Perkins et al.). Photo credit: M. Salvas. Metrics Downloaded 669 times Article History Issue Date: 26 Aug 2020Published: 9 Jul 2020First Look: 13 Apr 2020Accepted: 7 Apr 2020 Page: 2519 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyKeywordsfungipathogen detectionFragaria × ananassaThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.