Review of the existing maximum residue levels for fluopyram according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005
2020; Wiley; Volume: 18; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês
10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6059
ISSN1831-4732
AutoresMaria Anastassiadou, Giovanni Bernasconi, Alba Brancato, Luis Carrasco Cabrera, Luna Greco, Samira Jarrah, Aija Kazocina, Renata Leuschner, José Oriol Magrans, Ileana Miron, Stéfanie Nave, Ragnor Pedersen, Hermine Reich, Alejandro Rojas, Angela Sacchi, Miguel Santos, Alois Stanek, Anne Theobald, Bénédicte Vagenende, Alessia Verani,
Tópico(s)Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
ResumoEFSA JournalVolume 18, Issue 4 e06059 Reasoned OpinionOpen Access Review of the existing maximum residue levels for fluopyram according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Corresponding Author European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) pesticides.mrl@efsa.europa.eu Correspondence: pesticides.mrl@efsa.europa.euSearch for more papers by this authorMaria Anastassiadou, Maria AnastassiadouSearch for more papers by this authorGiovanni Bernasconi, Giovanni BernasconiSearch for more papers by this authorAlba Brancato, Alba BrancatoSearch for more papers by this authorLuis Carrasco Cabrera, Luis Carrasco CabreraSearch for more papers by this authorLuna Greco, Luna GrecoSearch for more papers by this authorSamira Jarrah, Samira JarrahSearch for more papers by this authorAija Kazocina, Aija KazocinaSearch for more papers by this authorRenata Leuschner, Renata LeuschnerSearch for more papers by this authorJose Oriol Magrans, Jose Oriol MagransSearch for more papers by this authorIleana Miron, Ileana MironSearch for more papers by this authorStefanie Nave, Stefanie NaveSearch for more papers by this authorRagnor Pedersen, Ragnor PedersenSearch for more papers by this authorHermine Reich, Hermine ReichSearch for more papers by this authorAlejandro Rojas, Alejandro RojasSearch for more papers by this authorAngela Sacchi, Angela SacchiSearch for more papers by this authorMiguel Santos, Miguel SantosSearch for more papers by this authorAlois Stanek, Alois StanekSearch for more papers by this authorAnne Theobald, Anne TheobaldSearch for more papers by this authorBenedicte Vagenende, Benedicte VagenendeSearch for more papers by this authorAlessia Verani, Alessia VeraniSearch for more papers by this author European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Corresponding Author European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) pesticides.mrl@efsa.europa.eu Correspondence: pesticides.mrl@efsa.europa.euSearch for more papers by this authorMaria Anastassiadou, Maria AnastassiadouSearch for more papers by this authorGiovanni Bernasconi, Giovanni BernasconiSearch for more papers by this authorAlba Brancato, Alba BrancatoSearch for more papers by this authorLuis Carrasco Cabrera, Luis Carrasco CabreraSearch for more papers by this authorLuna Greco, Luna GrecoSearch for more papers by this authorSamira Jarrah, Samira JarrahSearch for more papers by this authorAija Kazocina, Aija KazocinaSearch for more papers by this authorRenata Leuschner, Renata LeuschnerSearch for more papers by this authorJose Oriol Magrans, Jose Oriol MagransSearch for more papers by this authorIleana Miron, Ileana MironSearch for more papers by this authorStefanie Nave, Stefanie NaveSearch for more papers by this authorRagnor Pedersen, Ragnor PedersenSearch for more papers by this authorHermine Reich, Hermine ReichSearch for more papers by this authorAlejandro Rojas, Alejandro RojasSearch for more papers by this authorAngela Sacchi, Angela SacchiSearch for more papers by this authorMiguel Santos, Miguel SantosSearch for more papers by this authorAlois Stanek, Alois StanekSearch for more papers by this authorAnne Theobald, Anne TheobaldSearch for more papers by this authorBenedicte Vagenende, Benedicte VagenendeSearch for more papers by this authorAlessia Verani, Alessia VeraniSearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 April 2020 https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6059Citations: 1 Requestor: European Commission Question number: EFSA-Q-2013-00775 Amendment: Results of a residue trial performed on soybeans were initially not reported by the Rapporteur Member State. The correction affects the MRL proposed based on the import tolerance GAP. Additional editorial mistakes (reporting of a GAP, a footnote and an EU MRL) were also corrected. To avoid confusion, the original version of the Reasoned Opinion has been removed from the EFSA Journal, but is available on request. Acknowledgement: EFSA wishes to thank the rapporteur Member State Germany and Silvia Ruocco, Laszlo Bura, Georgios Chatzisotiriou and Viktor Toth for the preparatory work on this scientific output. Approved: 6 March 2020 Amended: 23 Mar 2021 AboutSectionsPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract According to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, EFSA has reviewed the maximum residue levels (MRLs) currently established at European level for the pesticide active substance fluopyram. To assess the occurrence of fluopyram residues in plants, processed commodities, rotational crops and livestock, EFSA considered the conclusions derived in the framework of Commission Regulation (EU) No 188/2011, the MRLs established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission as well as the import tolerances and European authorisations reported by Member States (including the supporting residues data). Based on the assessment of the available data, MRL proposals were derived and a consumer risk assessment was carried out. Some information required by the regulatory framework was missing and a possible chronic risk to consumers was identified. Hence, the consumer risk assessment is considered indicative only, some MRL proposals derived by EFSA still require further consideration by risk managers and measures for reduction of the consumer exposure should also be considered. Hence, the consumer risk assessment is considered indicative only and some MRL proposals derived by EFSA still require further consideration by risk managers. Summary Fluopyram was approved on 1 February 2014 by means of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 802/2013 under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 as amended by Commission Implementing Regulations (EU) No 540/2011 and 541/2011. As the active substance was approved after the entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 on 2 September 2008, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is required to provide a reasoned opinion on the review of the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for that active substance in compliance with Article 12(1) of the aforementioned regulation. As the basis for the MRL review, on 13 October 2017 EFSA initiated the collection of data for this active substance. In a first step, Member States were invited to submit by 13 November 2017 their national Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) in a standardised way, in the format of specific GAP forms, allowing the designated rapporteur Member State (RMS) Germany to identify the critical GAPs in the format of a specific GAP overview file. Subsequently, Member States were requested to provide residue data supporting the critical GAPs, within a period of 1 month, by 9 May 2018. On the basis of all the data submitted by Member States and by the EU Reference Laboratories for Pesticides Residues (EURL), EFSA asked the RMS to complete the Pesticide Residues Overview File (PROFile) and to prepare a supporting evaluation report. The PROFile and evaluation report, together with Pesticide Residues Intake Model (PRIMo) calculations and an updated GAP overview file, were provided by the RMS to EFSA on 27 September 2018. Subsequently, EFSA performed the completeness check of these documents with the RMS. The outcome of this exercise including the clarifications provided by the RMS, if any, was compiled in the completeness check report. Based on the information provided by the RMS, Member States and the EURL, and taking into account the conclusions derived by EFSA in the framework of Commission Regulation (EU) No 188/2011 and the MRLs established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, EFSA prepared in July 2019 a draft reasoned opinion, which was circulated to Member States for consultation via a written procedure. Comments received by 3 September 2019 were considered during the finalisation of this reasoned opinion. The following conclusions are derived. The metabolism of fluopyram in plant was investigated in primary and rotational crops. According to the results of the metabolism studies, the plant residue definition for enforcement can be proposed as 'fluopyram' and for risk assessment as 'sum of fluopyram and fluopyram-benzamide (M25), expressed as fluopyram'. These residue definitions are also applicable to processed commodities. Fully validated analytical methods are available for the enforcement of the proposed residue definition in all major matrices at the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg/kg. According to the EURLs, the LOQ of 0.01 mg/kg is achievable by using the QuEChERS method in routine analyses. Fluopyram is a persistent substance which may accumulate in soil following multiannual uses. To account for the potential uptake of such residues accumulated in soil in rotational crops two options were considered. Both options assumed that the most critical indoor GAP on tomatoes is restricted to growing on artificial substrates or other means to prevent carry-over of residues from treated soil to succeeding crops. In addition to this restriction: Option 1: assumed that adequate risk mitigation measures are in place to avoid significant residues in crops grown in rotation with crops treated with fluopyram. These measures included a plant-back interval (PBI) of 1 year for root and tuber vegetables, and leafy vegetables; and a PBI of 120 days for cereals. Option 2: assumed that no risk mitigation is implemented other than the above restriction on the most critical indoor GAP on tomatoes. For Option 1, the available data are considered sufficient to derive MRL proposals as well as risk assessment values for all commodities under evaluation, except for lemons, mandarins, cherries, banana, spring onions, tomatoes, melons, watermelon, Chinese cabbage, escaroles, land cresses, red mustards, spinaches, chards/beet leaves, globe artichokes and leeks, where tentative MRLs are derived, and for lime, cherimoya and chicory roots where the available data were insufficient to derive tentative MRLs. For Option 2, specific MRLs, considering that residues uptake in succeeding crops are not avoided, were also derived for cassava roots/manioc, sweet potatoes, yams, arrowroots, root vegetables, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, head cabbage, kales, kohlrabies, watercress, herbal infusions (roots), sugar beets, sweet corn, maize grain, buckwheat and millet grain, as well as tentative MRLs for chicory roots. It is underlined that MRLs values derived from rotational crop field data are subject to a high degree of uncertainty. Tentative MRLs were also derived for cereal straw in view of the future need to set MRLs in feed items. The effect of industrial processing and/or household preparation was assessed and robust processing factors could be derived for processed commodities from wine grapes, strawberries, tomatoes, melons, apples, bananas and rapeseeds. Tentative processing factors are also proposed for citrus, sugar beet, potato and peanuts. Fluopyram is authorised for use on crops that might be fed to livestock. Livestock dietary burden calculations were therefore performed for different groups of livestock according to OECD guidance. Residues from primary uses without (Option 1) or with (Option 2) residues in rotational crops were considered. For both scenarios, the dietary burdens calculated for all groups of livestock were found to exceed the trigger value of 0.1 mg/kg dry matter (DM) in both cases. Behaviour of residues was therefore assessed in all commodities of animal origin. The metabolism of fluopyram residues in livestock was investigated in lactating goats and laying hens at dose rates covering the maximum dietary burdens calculated in this review. According to the results of these studies, the residue definition for enforcement in all livestock commodities was proposed as the 'sum of fluopyram and fluopyram-benzamide (M25), expressed as fluopyram' and for risk assessment as the 'sum of fluopyram, fluopyram-benzamide (M25), and fluopyram-E/Z-olefine (M02/M03), expressed as fluopyram'. An analytical method for the enforcement of the proposed residue definition at the LOQ of 0.02 mg/kg in all matrices is available. According to the EURLs, a combined LOQ of 0.02 mg/kg is achievable for commodities of animal origin. Livestock feeding studies on cows and laying hens were used to derive two sets of MRL and risk assessment values in milk, eggs, and tissues of ruminants and poultry in view of the two dietary burdens (with or without rotational crops), each set corresponding to one of the 2 options described above. Since extrapolation from ruminants to pigs is acceptable, results of the livestock feeding study on ruminants were relied upon to derive the MRL and risk assessment values in pigs. Chronic and acute consumer exposure resulting from the authorised uses reported in the framework of this review was calculated using revision 3.1 of the EFSA PRIMo. For those commodities where data were insufficient to derive a MRL, EFSA considered the existing EU MRL for an indicative calculation. In the light of the possible contribution of residues from rotational uses to consumer exposure pending the implementation of risk mitigation measures, the two options described above were considered. The highest chronic exposure was calculated for the Dutch toddler, representing 86% (Option 1) and 100% (Option 2) of the acceptable daily intake (ADI). The highest acute exposure was calculated for lettuce, representing 76% of the acute reference dose (ARfD) for both options. Apart from the MRLs evaluated in the framework of this review, internationally recommended codex maximum residue limits (CXLs) have also been established for fluopyram. Additional calculations of the consumer exposure, considering these CXLs, were therefore carried out. The highest chronic exposure was calculated for Dutch toddler, representing 110% (Option 1) and 128% (Option 2) of the ADI. The highest acute exposure was calculated for lettuce, accounting 76% of the ARfD for both options. For Option 1, as a potential risk management option, the risk assessment was re-calculated by considering the European animal diet for cattle and swine and thus disregarding the CXLs for these animal commodities. According to this scenario, the chronic exposure represents 92% of the ADI. Nonetheless, it is highlighted that this scenario was only provided as a potential option for risk managers to consider and does not exclude or suggest alternative options may not be available for risk managers. For Option 2, given that the chronic exposure based on the authorised EU uses, import tolerances and the uptake of fluopyram accumulated in soil following multiannual use already accounted for 100% of the ADI (NL toddlers), and as there may be several alternative options at the discretion of risk managers to exclude a potential chronic risk, the only safe scenario assessed was that disregarding from the calculation all CXLs higher than the derived EU MRL. Altogether, the calculations indicate a potential chronic risk to consumers if all the existing CXLs are incorporated in the assessment. For Option 1, a safe scenario could be identified, excluding the CXLs for cattle and swine tissues from the calculation. For Option 2, a safe scenario could be identified disregarding from the calculation all CXLs higher than the derived EU MRL. Background Regulation (EC) No 396/20051 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Regulation') establishes the rules governing the setting and the review of pesticide maximum residue levels (MRLs) at European level. Article 12(1) of that Regulation stipulates that the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) shall provide within 12 months from the date of the inclusion or non-inclusion of an active substance in Annex I to Directive 91/414/EEC2 a reasoned opinion on the review of the existing MRLs for that active substance. As fluopyram was approved on 1 February 2014 by means of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 802/20133 in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1107/20094 as amended by Commission Implementing Regulations (EU) No 540/20115 and 541/20116,EFSA initiated the review of all existing MRLs for that active substance. By way of background information, in the framework of Commission Regulation (EU) No 188/20117 Fluopyram was evaluated by Germany, designated as rapporteur Member State (RMS). Subsequently, a peer review on the initial evaluation of the RMS was conducted by EFSA, leading to the conclusions as set out in the EFSA scientific report (EFSA, 2013a). According to the legal provisions, EFSA shall base its reasoned opinion in particular on the relevant assessment report prepared under Directive 91/414/EEC repealed by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. It should be noted, however, that, in the framework of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, only a few representative uses are evaluated, whereas MRLs set out in Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 should accommodate all uses authorised within the European Union (EU), and uses authorised in third countries that have a significant impact on international trade. The information included in the assessment report prepared under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 is therefore insufficient for the assessment of all existing MRLs for a given active substance. To gain an overview of the pesticide residues data that have been considered for the setting of the existing MRLs, EFSA developed the Pesticide Residues Overview File (PROFile). The PROFile is an inventory of all pesticide residues data relevant to the risk assessment and MRL setting for a given active substance. This includes data on: the nature and magnitude of residues in primary crops; the nature and magnitude of residues in processed commodities; the nature and magnitude of residues in rotational crops; the nature and magnitude of residues in livestock commodities; the analytical methods for enforcement of the proposed MRLs. As the basis for the MRL review, on 13 October 2017, EFSA initiated the collection of data for this active substance. In a first step, Member States were invited to submit by 13 November 2017 their Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs), in a standardised way, in the format of specific GAP forms. In the framework of this consultation 17 Member States provided feedback on their national authorisations of fluopyram. Based on the GAP data submitted, the designated RMS Germany was asked to identify the critical GAPs to be further considered in the assessment, in the format of a specific GAP overview file. Subsequently, in a second step, Member States were requested to provide residue data supporting the critical GAPs by 9 May 2018. On the basis of all the data submitted by Member States and the EU Reference Laboratories for Pesticides Residues (EURL), EFSA asked Germany to complete the PROFile and to prepare a supporting evaluation report. The PROFile and the supporting evaluation report, together with the Pesticide Residues Intake Model (PRIMo) calculations and an updated GAP overview file, were submitted to EFSA on 27 September 2018. Subsequently, EFSA performed the completeness check of these documents with the RMS. The outcome of this exercise including the clarifications provided by the RMS, if any, was compiled in the completeness check report. Considering all the available information, and taking into account the MRLs established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) (i.e. codex maximum residue limit (CXLs)), EFSA prepared in July 2019 a draft reasoned opinion, which was circulated to Member States for commenting via a written procedure. All comments received by 3 September 2019 including additional GAPs submitted (Netherlands, 2019) were considered by EFSA during the finalisation of the reasoned opinion. The evaluation report submitted by the RMS (Germany, 2018), taking into account also the information provided by Member States during the collection of data, the EURL report on analytical methods (EURL, 2018) and the evaluation reports received during the Member State consultation (Belgium, 2019; Netherlands, 2019) are considered as main supporting documents to this reasoned opinion and, thus, made publicly available. In addition, further supporting documents to this reasoned opinion are the completeness check report (EFSA, 2019c) and the Member States consultation report (EFSA, 2019e). These reports are developed to address all issues raised in the course of the review, from the initial completeness check to the reasoned opinion. Furthermore, the exposure calculations for all crops reported in the framework of this review performed using the EFSA Pesticide Residues Intake Model (PRIMo) and the PROFile as well as the GAP overview file listing all authorised uses and import tolerances are key supporting documents and made publicly available as background documents to this reasoned opinion. A screenshot of the report sheet of the PRIMo is presented in Appendix C. Terms of Reference According to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, EFSA shall provide a reasoned opinion on: the inclusion of the active substance in Annex IV to the Regulation, when appropriate; the necessity of setting new MRLs for the active substance or deleting/modifying existing MRLs set out in Annex II or III of the Regulation; the inclusion of the recommended MRLs in Annex II or III to the Regulation; the setting of specific processing factors as referred to in Article 20(2) of the Regulation. The active substance and its use pattern Fluopyram is the ISO common name for N-{2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]ethyl}-α,α,α-trifluoro-o-toluamide (IUPAC). The chemical structure of the active substance and its main metabolites are reported in Appendix F. The EU MRLs for fluopyram are established in Annex IIIA of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. CXLs for fluopyram were also established by the CAC. An overview of the MRL changes that occurred since the entry into force of the Regulation mentioned above is provided below (Table 1). Table 1. Overview of the MRL changes since the entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 Procedure Legal implementation Remarks MRL application Not yet implemented Modification of the existing maximum residue level for fluopyram in herbal infusions from leaves, herbs and flowers (EFSA, 2019d) MRL application Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/1791a Modification of the existing maximum residue level for fluopyram in broccoli (EFSA, 2019a) Implementation of CAC 2018 Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/552b On 6 July 2018, the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) adopted Codex limits (CXLs) for fluopyram. These CXLs have been included in Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 as MRLs MRL application Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/685c Modification of the existing maximum residue level for fluopyram in purslanes (EFSA, 2017) MRL application Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/978d Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for fluopyram in solanacea, other fruiting vegetables, cardoons, celeries, Florence fennels, other stem vegetables, cotton seeds, other oilseeds, common millet/proso millet, other cereals, herbal infusions from any other parts of the plant, seed spices, carawayand other sugar plants (EFSA, 2016) Implementation of CAC 2015 Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/626e On 11 July 2015, the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) adopted Codex limits (CXLs) for fluopyram. These CXLs have been included in Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 as MRLs MRL application Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/171f Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for apricots, peppers, 'spinaches and similar leaves', witloof, 'herbs and edible flowers', peas (with pods), lentils, other legume vegetables of code 0260990, sesame seeds, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, safflower seeds, borage seeds, hemp seeds, castor beans, barley, buckwheat, oats and sugar beet (EFSA, 2016) Implementation of CAC 2014 Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/567a On 18 July 2014, Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) adopted Codex maximum residue limits (CXLs) for fluopyram. These CXLs have been included in Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 as MRLs MRL application Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1101h Modification of the existing MRLs in various crops: apricots, peaches, plums, cane fruit, small fruits and berries, root and tuber vegetables, aubergines, escaroles, spinaches, witloof, beans (without pods), peas (with pods), linseed, poppy seed, mustard seed, gold of pleasure, herbal infusions (dried roots), hops, spices (roots or rhizome), chicory roots (EFSA, 2014) Implementation of CAC 2013 Commission Regulation (EU) No 491/2014i On 5 July 2013, Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) adopted Codex maximum residue limits (CXLs) for fluopyram. These CXLs have been included in Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 as MRLs MRL application Commission Regulation (EU) No 270/2012j Setting new MRLs and import tolerances in various commodities (EFSA, 2011) MRL: maximum residue level. a Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/1791 of 17 October 2019 amending Annexes II, III and IV to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for 1-decanol, 2,4-D, ABE-IT 56, cyprodinil, dimethenamid, fatty alcohols, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, fludioxonil, fluopyram, mepiquat, pendimethalin, picolinafen, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyridaben, S-abscisic acid and trifloxystrobin in or on certain products.OJ L 277, 29.10.2019, p. 1–65. b Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/552 of 4 April 2019 amending Annexes II and III to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for azoxystrobin, bicyclopyrone, chlormequat, cyprodinil, difenoconazole, fenpropimorph, fenpyroximate, fluopyram, fosetyl, isoprothiolane, isopyrazam, oxamyl, prothioconazole, spinetoram, trifloxystrobin and triflumezopyrim in or on certain products. OJ L 96, 5.4.2019, p. 6–49. c Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/685 of 3 May 2018 amending Annexes II, III and IV to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for abamectin, beer, fluopyram, fluxapyroxad, maleic hydrazide, mustard seeds powder and tefluthrin in or on certain products. OJ L 121, 16.5.2018, p. 1–29. d Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/978 of 9 June 2017 amending Annexes II, III and V to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for fluopyram; hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), alpha-isomer; hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), beta-isomer; hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), sum of isomers, except the gamma isomer; lindane (hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), gamma-isomer); nicotine and profenofos in or on certain products. OJ L 151, 14.6.2017, p. 1–37. e Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/626 of 31 March 2017 amending Annexes II and III to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for acetamiprid, cyantraniliprole, cypermethrin, cyprodinil, difenoconazole, ethephon, fluopyram, flutriafol, fluxapyroxad, imazapic, imazapyr, lambda-cyhalothrin, mesotrione, profenofos, propiconazole, pyrimethanil, spirotetramat, tebuconazole, triazophos and trifloxystrobin in or on certain products. OJ L 96, 7.4.2017, p. 1–43. f Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/171 of 30 January 2017 amending Annexes II, III and IV to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for aminopyralid, azoxystrobin, cyantraniliprole, cyflufenamid, cyproconazole, diethofencarb, dithiocarbamates, fluazifop-P, fluopyram, haloxyfop, isofetamid, metalaxyl, prohexadione, propaquizafop, pyrimethanil, Trichoderma atroviride strain SC1 and zoxamide in or on certain products. OJ L 30, 3.2.2017, p. 45–111. g Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/567 of 6 April 2016 amending Annexes II and III to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for chlorantraniliprole, cyflumetofen, cyprodinil, dimethomorph, dithiocarbamates, fenamidone, fluopyram, flutolanil, imazamox, metrafenone, myclobutanil, propiconazole, sedaxane and spirodiclofen in or on certain products. OJ L 100, 15.4.2016, p. 1–60. h Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1101 of 8 July 2015 amending Annexes II and III to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for difenoconazole, fluopicolide, fluopyram, isopyrazam and pendimethalin in or on certain products. OJ L 181, 9.7.2015, p. 27–53. i Commission Regulation (EU) No 491/2014 of 5 May 2014 amending Annexes II and III to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for ametoctradin, azoxystrobin, cycloxydim, cyfluthrin, dinotefuran, fenbuconazole, fenvalerate, fluopyram, fluopyram, flutriafol, fluxapyroxad, glufosinate-ammonium, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, MCPA, methoxyfenozide, penthiopyrad, spinetoram and trifloxystrobin in or on certain products. OJ L 146, 16.5.2014,
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