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First Report of Pratylenchus penetrans (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) Associated with Amaryllis ( Hippeastrum × hybridum ), in Portugal

2020; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 104; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1094/pdis-03-20-0524-pdn

1943-7692

Leidy Rusinque, Cláudia S. L. Vicente, Maria L. Inácio, Filomena Nóbrega, Maria João Camacho, Arlindo Lima, Ana Paula Ramos,

Parasite Biology and Host Interactions

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 10First Report of Pratylenchus penetrans (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) Associated with Amaryllis (Hippeastrum × hybridum), in Portugal PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Pratylenchus penetrans (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) Associated with Amaryllis (Hippeastrum × hybridum), in PortugalL. C. Rusinque, C. S. Vicente, M. L. Inácio, F. Nóbrega, M. J. Camacho, A. Lima, and A. P. RamosL. C. RusinqueINIAV, I.P. – Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, PortugalSearch for more papers by this author, C. S. Vicentehttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-3865-5358INIAV, I.P. – Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, PortugalMED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, PortugalSearch for more papers by this author, M. L. Inácio†Corresponding author: M. L. Inácio; E-mail Address: [email protected]http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6883-5288INIAV, I.P. – Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, PortugalSearch for more papers by this author, F. NóbregaINIAV, I.P. – Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, PortugalSearch for more papers by this author, M. J. CamachoINIAV, I.P. – Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, PortugalMED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, PortugalSearch for more papers by this author, A. LimaLEAF – Linking Environment Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisboa, PortugalLPVVA – Laboratório de Patologia Vegetal “Veríssimo de Almeida”, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisboa, PortugalSearch for more papers by this author, and A. P. Ramoshttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5974-7481LEAF – Linking Environment Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisboa, PortugalLPVVA – Laboratório de Patologia Vegetal “Veríssimo de Almeida”, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisboa, PortugalSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations L. C. Rusinque1 C. S. Vicente1 2 M. L. Inácio1 † F. Nóbrega1 M. J. Camacho1 2 A. Lima3 4 A. P. Ramos3 4 1INIAV, I.P. – Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal 2MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal 3LEAF – Linking Environment Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal 4LPVVA – Laboratório de Patologia Vegetal “Veríssimo de Almeida”, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal Published Online:27 Jul 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-20-0524-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat The world flower business is a highly dynamic industry and in Portugal yields around EUR 500 million a year (INE 2013). Root lesion nematodes (RLNs), Pratylenchus spp., are considered the third most important group of plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) worldwide due to their large distribution, wide host range, and impact on economically important crops (Castillo and Vovlas 2007). The most recent report of RLNs parasitizing amaryllis (Hippeastrum spp.) was the amaryllis lesion nematode, Pratylenchus hippeastri, in Florida (U.S.A.) (Gozel et al. 2007). In 2016, soil and root samples of amaryllis hybrid Hippeastrum × hybridum cv. Benfica were collected from potted plants produced in greenhouses in Montijo (Setúbal Peninsula, Central Portugal), 50 km from Lisbon. Nematodes were extracted from soil samples according to the protocol PM 7/119 (1) (EPPO 2013) and identified to genus level based on morphometrical traits of 10 females and 11 males. DNA extraction was conducted from 10 nematodes separately, followed by PCR amplification and sequencing of the D2/D3 expansion segment of the 28S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes using the primers D2A and D3B (Nadler et al. 1999) and 1813F and 2646R (Holterman et al. 2006). The nucleotide sequences were deposited as MN756841 and MN756509 at the NCBI. RLNs were detected in all five samples in a concentration of around 100 nematodes/100 cm3 of soil. Some primary roots of affected plants showed small, elliptical, reddish-brown lesions and poor growth. More severely affected plants presented stunted, chlorotic foliage and had the cortical lesions enlarged to the point that rotting was severe and many roots were easily detached from the bulb; in some cases, there was not emergence from bulbs. The female body was moderately slender, almost straight when killed by gentle heat, lateral field with four straight lines, body annules distinct, lip with three annules, stylet knobs round, median bulb round, spermatheca round and filled with sperm, tail tapering to rounded terminus, sometimes with two striae. Body length was 558.99 ± 48.50 μm, body width 22.45 ± 2.02 μm, stylet length 18.52 ± 1.02 μm, and tail length 32.91 ± 7.50 μm. Values of a, c, and c′ ratios were 25.95 ± 2.53, 17.62 ± 3.45, and 38.49 ± 4.42; V (%) value was 80.92 ± 1.69. Males were smaller than females with body length 511.37 ± 29.90 μm, stylet length 17.55 ± 1.04 μm, and spicule length 18.53 ± 1.17 μm. No other PPN was found in the suspensions extracted from the soil samples. BLAST hits showed that partial sequence of D2/D3 rRNA loci (540 bp) was 96.2% identical (e-value 0.0) to Pratylenchus penetrans isolate MU2 (KP161612) and voucher T143 (KY828357). The partial sequence of 18S rRNA (650 bp) was 100% identical to P. penetrans isolate ILVO-Pp (MH983023) and 99.81% to P. penetrans Praty-A (AB661627). In the corresponding phylogenetic trees, both P. penetrans sequences clustered together with other species from the penetrans group (P. fallax, P. convallariae, and P. oleae) with good support (Janssen et al. 2017). Nevertheless, although all species within this group share many morphological characteristics (Subbotin et al. 2008), our specimens presented higher similarity, both morphological and molecular, with P. penetrans. So far, this RLN has been found associated mainly with potato fields in Portugal (Abrantes et al. 1987; Esteves et al. 2015); thus, to our knowledge, this is the first report of P. penetrans parasitizing amaryllis, in Portugal.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Abrantes, I. M. de O., et al. 1987. Nematol. Mediterr. 15:375. Google ScholarCastillo, P., and Vovlas, N. 2007. Page 289 in: Pratylenchus (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae): Diagnosis, Biology, Pathogenicity and Management. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leidyn, the Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004155640.i-523 Crossref, Google ScholarEPPO. 2013. EPPO Bull. 43:471. https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12077 Crossref, Google ScholarEsteves, I., et al. 2015. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 141:397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-014-0551-1 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarGozel, U., et al. 2007. Nematology 9:25. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854107779969754 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarHolterman, M., et al. 2006. Mol. Biol. Evol. 23:1792. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msl044 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarINE. 2013. Floricultura e Plantas Ornamentais. Instituto Nacional de Estatística, Lisboa, Portugal. Google ScholarJanssen, T., et al. 2017. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 117:30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.027 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarNadler, S., et al. 1999. Nematology 1:591. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854199508559 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarSubbotin, S. A., et al. 2008. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 48:491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.028 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: This research was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, grant number UID/AGR/04129/2019 (LEAF), and by Laboratório de Patologia Vegetal Veríssimo de Almeida, Instituto Superior de Agronomia.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 10 October 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionSymptoms of yellow leaf disease of Areca catechu caused by areca palm velarivirus 1 (H. X. Wang et al.). Photo credit: X. Huang. Fungal fruiting bodies of Phyllachora maydis on corn foliage resemble spots of tar (J. Valle-Torres et al.). Photo credit: C. Cruz. Geranium (Pelargonium hortorum) showing pale green and little leaves, phyllody, virescence, and witches’-broom (A. R. Amirmijani et al.). Photo credit: M. Azadvar. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 25 Sep 2020Published: 27 Jul 2020First Look: 21 Apr 2020Accepted: 16 Apr 2020 Page: 2740 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), PortugalGrant/Award Number: UID/AGR/04129/2019 (LEAF)Keywordsamaryllisroot lesion nematodebulbsThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited byPratylenchus penetrans Parasitizing Potato Crops: Morphometric and Genetic Variability of Portuguese Isolates23 March 2021 | Plants, Vol. 10, No. 3Intraspecific variation in phenotypic and phylogenetic features among Pratylenchus penetrans isolates from Wisconsin, USA24 November 2020 | Journal of Nematology, Vol. 52, No. 1