First Report of Gilbertella persicaria Causing Postharvest Soft Rot of Strawberry Fruit in Florida
2020; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 104; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-10-19-2081-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresJiuxu Zhang, Jingjing Kou, Egem Ozbudak, Tian Zhong, Tengfei Pan, Jinhe Bai, Liliana M. Cano, Mark A. Ritenour,
Tópico(s)Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 10First Report of Gilbertella persicaria Causing Postharvest Soft Rot of Strawberry Fruit in Florida PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Gilbertella persicaria Causing Postharvest Soft Rot of Strawberry Fruit in FloridaJiuxu Zhang, Jingjing Kou, Egem Ozbudak, Tian Zhong, Tengfei Pan, Jinhe Bai, Liliana M. Cano, and Mark A. RitenourJiuxu Zhanghttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-7485-5827University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Department of Horticulture, Fort Pierce, FL, U.S.A., Jingjing KouUniversity of Florida, IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Department of Horticulture, Fort Pierce, FL, U.S.A.College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China, Egem OzbudakUniversity of Florida, IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Fort Pierce, FL, U.S.A., Tian Zhonghttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-8319-9144University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Department of Horticulture, Fort Pierce, FL, U.S.A.Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China, Tengfei PanUniversity of Florida, IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Fort Pierce, FL, U.S.A.Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, Jinhe BaiUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, U.S.A., Liliana M. Cano†Corresponding authors: L. M. Cano; E-mail Address: [email protected] and M. A. Ritenour; E-mail Address: [email protected]University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Fort Pierce, FL, U.S.A., and Mark A. Ritenour†Corresponding authors: L. M. Cano; E-mail Address: [email protected] and M. A. Ritenour; E-mail Address: [email protected]University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Department of Horticulture, Fort Pierce, FL, U.S.A.AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Jiuxu Zhang1 Jingjing Kou1 2 Egem Ozbudak3 Tian Zhong1 4 Tengfei Pan3 5 Jinhe Bai6 Liliana M. Cano3 † Mark A. Ritenour1 † 1University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Department of Horticulture, Fort Pierce, FL, U.S.A. 2College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China 3University of Florida, IFAS, Indian River Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Fort Pierce, FL, U.S.A. 4Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China 5Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China 6United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, U.S.A. Published Online:27 Jul 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-19-2081-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Postharvest decay is a major factor causing strawberry losses. Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch., var. Pilgrim or Radiance) were obtained from four harvests in 2018 and 2019 and collected from cooling facilities in Dover and Mulberry, FL. After incubation at 20°C for 5 days, some fruit (up to 15%) showed soft rot symptoms, with rapidly extending spots that were water-soaked and light brown; eventually the whole fruit became soft and covered with fungal mycelia, sporangiophores, and black sporangia. Diseased tissue was aseptically transferred onto PDA at 20°C. Mycelial tips were cut from the edge of the colony and transferred to new PDA. Mycelia were white and grew rapidly on PDA (32 mm in diameter in 24 h at 20°C), with black sporangia appearing on 2-day-old cultures. Sporangia, 48.9 to 107.7 (80.9) × 51.3 to 123.8 (82.7) µm (n = 50), were initially white but became brown and then black. Sporangiophores were hyaline to light brown, unbranched, aseptate, and 9.6 to 25.7 (18.5) µm (n = 50) in diameter. Columellae were hyaline, variable in shape, and oval to cylindrical, 40.1 to 82.6 (54.1) × 47.1 to 93.1 (68.2) µm (n = 50). Sporangiospores were one-celled, mostly globose to ellipsoid, 6.2 to 11.8 (8.1) × 6.5 to 14.3 (10.2) µm (n = 100), with hyaline and filiform appendages attached at the ends. Chlamydospores formed in mycelia on PDA were individual, solitary or in chains, oval, globose, or irregular, and 7.9 to 20.9 (13.9) × 9.6 to 26.8 (18.4) µm (n = 50). The fungus was morphologically identified as Gilbertella persicaria (Eddy) Hesseltine (Benny 1991). DNA was extracted from the cultures of 11 isolates. Three nuclear target regions (partial ribosomal rDNA repeat including ITS [ITS1, 5.8S rRNA, ITS2], partial 28S rDNA large subunit [LSU], and G. persicaria-specific partial sequence of actin-1 [ACT-1] gene) were amplified via PCR using the primers ITS1F_F/ITS4_R (Gardes and Bruns 1993; White et al. 1990), LR0R_F/LR5_R (Rehner and Samuels 1994; Vilgalys and Hester 1990), and Gil_ACT_F (CCCAAATCATGTTCGAAACC)/Gil_ACT_R (CCAAGAGAGCAGGTTGGAAG) (this study), respectively. PCR product sequences of 11 isolates were deposited in GenBank (MT019675 to MT019685 for ITS; MT010345 to MT010355 for LSU; MN970197 to MN970207 for ACT-1). A BLASTn search showed 100, 99.85, and 100% identity to nucleotide sequences of G. persicaria from NCBI corresponding to ITS (MK301176.1), LSU (MH866729.1), and ACT-1 (AJ287159.1), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences confirmed that the isolates belong to G. persicaria and can be grouped in the same clade as other taxa of Choanephoraceae (Pinho et al. 2014). Pathogenicity tests were performed with five isolates. Sound strawberries were surface disinfected with 0.05% chlorine for 3 min and then dried at 20°C. Five fruit were used for each isolate. The fruit were wounded (2 × 2 × 2 mm) with a disinfected steel probe or left nonwounded, and 10 µl of suspension (1 × 106 spores/ml) was placed into each wound or a marked area of nonwounded fruit surface. Fruit inoculated with sterilized water were controls. Soft lesions (5 to 25 × 6 to 26 mm) were observed at 2 days postinoculation (dpi) at 20°C. Whole fruit were rotted and covered with white mycelia and black sporangia at 4 dpi and often had juice leakage. Non-wound-inoculated fruit and wounded control fruit did not show the disease. G. persicaria is pathogenic to strawberries, and infection is wound-mediated. The inoculated fungus was reisolated and confirmed by DNA sequences, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Gilbertella soft rot could be an important postharvest decay on Florida strawberries. Fruit rot caused by G. persicaria has been reported on peach, apricot, apple, pear, tomato (Ginting et al. 1996), papaya (Cruz-Lachica et al. 2016), dragon fruit (Guo et al. 2012), black plum (Pinho et al. 2014), and eggplant (Vieira et al. 2018). This is the first report of a disease caused by G. persicaria on strawberry fruit in Florida and the United States.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Benny, G. L. 1991. Mycologia 83:150. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1991.12025991 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarCruz-Lachica, I., et al. 2016. Plant Dis. 100:227. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-15-0607-PDN Link, Google ScholarGardes, M., and Bruns, T. D. 1993. Mol. 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Crossref, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: This project was funded partly by a USDA Cooperative Agreement, and partly through a Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Specialty Crop Block Grant (no. 024845).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 10 October 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionSymptoms of yellow leaf disease of Areca catechu caused by areca palm velarivirus 1 (H. X. Wang et al.). Photo credit: X. Huang. Fungal fruiting bodies of Phyllachora maydis on corn foliage resemble spots of tar (J. Valle-Torres et al.). Photo credit: C. Cruz. Geranium (Pelargonium hortorum) showing pale green and little leaves, phyllody, virescence, and witches'-broom (A. R. Amirmijani et al.). Photo credit: M. Azadvar. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 25 Sep 2020Published: 27 Jul 2020First Look: 20 Apr 2020Accepted: 15 Apr 2020 Page: 2736 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingUSDA Cooperative Agreement, and partly through a Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Specialty Crop Block GrantGrant/Award Number: 024845KeywordsGilbertella persicariapostharvest decaystrawberryChoanephoraceaeThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited byHigh-Quality Genome Resource of Gilbertella persicaria Causing Peach Soft RotYouyu Wang, Bo Xu, Lemin Fang, Zhenghua Jiang, Wenfang Zeng, Xiaomei Tang, Lun Liu, Pu Liu, and Bing Jia4 January 2023 | Plant Disease, Vol. 0, No. 0The p-Anisaldehyde/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes as fumigation agent for control of postharvest decay and quality of strawberryFood Control, Vol. 130
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