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Biofilm Matrixome: Extracellular Components in Structured Microbial Communities

2020; Elsevier BV; Volume: 28; Issue: 8 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.tim.2020.03.016

1878-4380

Lamprini Karygianni, Zhi Ren, Hyun Koo, Thomas Thurnheer,

Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation

The 'matrixome' is the inventory of currently known biomolecules (polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and lipoproteins) and their molecular, structural, and functional diversity associated with biofilm assembly, and its physicochemical and virulence attributes.The structural and biochemical properties of the matrixome provide the emergent properties of biofilms, including surface adhesion, spatial and chemical heterogeneities, synergistic/competitive polymicrobial interactions, antimicrobial recalcitrance, and biofilm virulence.Combinatorial treatment strategies are crucial to eradicate biofilms by targeting the functionally and structurally complex extracellular polymeric matrix and embedded microbial cells.Due to limited knowledge of the polymicrobial EPS matrix there is an urgent need for more experimental polymicrobial biofilm and in vivo mechanistic studies. Biofilms consist of microbial communities embedded in a 3D extracellular matrix. The matrix is composed of a complex array of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that contribute to the unique attributes of biofilm lifestyle and virulence. This ensemble of chemically and functionally diverse biomolecules is termed the 'matrixome'. The composition and mechanisms of EPS matrix formation, and its role in biofilm biology, function, and microenvironment are being revealed. This perspective article highlights recent advances about the multifaceted role of the 'matrixome' in the development, physical–chemical properties, and virulence of biofilms. We emphasize that targeting biofilm-specific conditions such as the matrixome could lead to precise and effective antibiofilm approaches. We also discuss the limited knowledge in the context of polymicrobial biofilms, and the need for more in-depth analyses of the EPS matrix in mixed communities that are associated with many human infectious diseases. Biofilms consist of microbial communities embedded in a 3D extracellular matrix. The matrix is composed of a complex array of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that contribute to the unique attributes of biofilm lifestyle and virulence. This ensemble of chemically and functionally diverse biomolecules is termed the 'matrixome'. The composition and mechanisms of EPS matrix formation, and its role in biofilm biology, function, and microenvironment are being revealed. This perspective article highlights recent advances about the multifaceted role of the 'matrixome' in the development, physical–chemical properties, and virulence of biofilms. We emphasize that targeting biofilm-specific conditions such as the matrixome could lead to precise and effective antibiofilm approaches. We also discuss the limited knowledge in the context of polymicrobial biofilms, and the need for more in-depth analyses of the EPS matrix in mixed communities that are associated with many human infectious diseases.