Comment on “E-cigarette use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection by impairment of human neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and NET formation”
2020; American Physical Society; Volume: 318; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1152/ajpcell.00554.2019
ISSN1522-1563
AutoresAlice Jasper, Elizabeth Sapey, David Thickett, Aaron Scott,
Tópico(s)Immune cells in cancer
ResumoLetter to the EditorComment on "E-cigarette use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection by impairment of human neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and NET formation"Alice E. Jasper, Elizabeth Sapey, David Thickett, and Aaron ScottAlice E. JasperBirmingham Acute Care Research (BACR) group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Elizabeth SapeyBirmingham Acute Care Research (BACR) group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, David ThickettBirmingham Acute Care Research (BACR) group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, and Aaron ScottBirmingham Acute Care Research (BACR) group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United KingdomPublished Online:09 Mar 2020https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00554.2019MoreSectionsPDF (46 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInEmail to the editor: We read with interest the article recently published in American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology entitled "E-cigarette use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection by impairment of human neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis and NET formation" (3). The rationale for the investigation is extremely relevant to ongoing work and we recognize the importance of this study, especially in light of the possible e-cigarette-related lung disease in the United States. However, we have several questions for the authors.One of the pitfalls in e-cigarette research is the standardization of exposure models and consistency. Previous studies have used methods such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (9) or optical density (5) analysis to quantify nicotine/particulate deposition. In this study, did the authors use a method of e-cigarette vapor extract (EVE) characterization to ensure consistency between EVE batches?Previous work in the field has unveiled age-related changes in neutrophil function including impaired chemotaxis and phagocytosis (1, 2, 4, 10, 11, 13). Furthermore, cigarette smoke has been shown to have functional effects on neutrophils (6–8, 14). We therefore wondered whether there is any further information on the characteristics of the study population in relation to the age group of the donors and their smoking status?Regarding methodology, in our hands and as shown by others (12), the use of red cell lysis after isolation is both unnecessary after standard density gradient separation techniques, and serves only to activate neutrophils. This may or may not affect downstream functional outputs or diminish detection of cell activation caused by e-cigarettes. Some clarification as to why this was necessary would be welcome.E-cigarette research is currently highly controversial with many competing interests. Independent studies such as the paper by Corriden et al. (3) are therefore more important than ever. Clarification on the points discussed in this letter would add robustness to the study and prevent competing interests from questioning the ability of independent researchers to inform the public accurately.GRANTSThis work was supported in part by the Medical Research Council (MRC Grant MR/L002736/1) and the British Lung Foundation (BLF Grant PPRG16-12).DISCLOSURESNo conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the authors.AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONSA.E.J. and A.S. drafted manuscript; A.E.J. and A.S. edited and revised manuscript; A.E.J., E.S., D.T., and A.S. approved final version of manuscript.REFERENCES1. Butcher S, Chahel H, Lord JM. Review article: ageing and the neutrophil: no appetite for killing? Immunology 100: 411–416, 2000. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00079.x. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar2. Butcher SK, Chahal H, Nayak L, Sinclair A, Henriquez NV, Sapey E, O'Mahony D, Lord JM. Senescence in innate immune responses: reduced neutrophil phagocytic capacity and CD16 expression in elderly humans. J Leukoc Biol 70: 881–886, 2001. PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar3. Corriden R, Moshensky A, Bojanowski CM, Meier A, Chien J, Nelson RK, Crotty Alexander LE. E-cigarette use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection by impairment of human neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and NET formation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 318: C205–C214, 2020. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00045.2019. Link | ISI | Google Scholar4. Fulop T, Larbi A, Douziech N, Fortin C, Guérard KP, Lesur O, Khalil A, Dupuis G. Signal transduction and functional changes in neutrophils with aging. Aging Cell 3: 217–226, 2004. doi:10.1111/j.1474-9728.2004.00110.x. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar5. Higham A, Rattray NJ, Dewhurst JA, Trivedi DK, Fowler SJ, Goodacre R, Singh D. Electronic cigarette exposure triggers neutrophil inflammatory responses. Respir Res 17: 56, 2016. doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0368-x. 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Miyashita L, Suri R, Dearing E, Mudway I, Dove RE, Neill DR, Van Zyl-Smit R, Kadioglu A, Grigg J. E-cigarette vapour enhances pneumococcal adherence to airway epithelial cells. Eur Respir J 51: 1701592, 2018. doi:10.1183/13993003.01592-2017. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar10. Niwa Y, Kasama T, Miyachi Y, Kanoh T. Neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis and parameters of reactive oxygen species in human aging: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Life Sci 44: 1655–1664, 1989. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(89)90482-7. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar11. Sapey E, Greenwood H, Walton G, Mann E, Love A, Aaronson N, Insall RH, Stockley RA, Lord JM. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition restores neutrophil accuracy in the elderly: toward targeted treatments for immunosenescence. Blood 123: 239–248, 2014. doi:10.1182/blood-2013-08-519520. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar12. Vuorte J, Jansson SE, Repo H. Evaluation of red blood cell lysing solutions in the study of neutrophil oxidative burst by the DCFH assay. Cytometry 43: 290–296, 2001. doi:10.1002/1097-0320(20010401)43:4 3.0.CO;2-X. Crossref | PubMed | Google Scholar13. Wenisch C, Patruta S, Daxböck F, Krause R, Hörl W. Effect of age on human neutrophil function. J Leukoc Biol 67: 40–45, 2000. doi:10.1002/jlb.67.1.40. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar14. White PC, Hirschfeld J, Milward MR, Cooper PR, Wright HJ, Matthews JB, Chapple ILC. Cigarette smoke modifies neutrophil chemotaxis, neutrophil extracellular trap formation and inflammatory response-related gene expression. J Periodontal Res 53: 525–535, 2018. doi:10.1111/jre.12542. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google ScholarAUTHOR NOTESAddress for reprint requests and other correspondence: A. E. Jasper, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, B15 2TH Birmingham, UK. Previous Back to Top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedInformationRelated articlesE-cigarette use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection by impairment of human neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and NET formation 07 Jan 2020American Journal of Physiology-Cell PhysiologyReply to Letter to the Editor: "Comment on 'E-cigarette use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection by impairment of human neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and NET formation'" 09 Mar 2020American Journal of Physiology-Cell PhysiologyCited ByReply to Letter to the Editor: "Comment on 'E-cigarette use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection by impairment of human neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and NET formation'"Laura E. Crotty Alexander and Angela Meier9 March 2020 | American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, Vol. 318, No. 3 More from this issue > Volume 318Issue 3March 2020Pages C704-C705 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 the American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00554.2019PubMed32150453History Received 3 December 2019 Accepted 28 January 2020 Published online 9 March 2020 Published in print 1 March 2020 Metrics Downloaded 699 times
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