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Relevance of immune cell and tumor microenvironment imaging in the new era of immunotherapy

2020; BioMed Central; Volume: 39; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1186/s13046-020-01586-y

1756-9966

Filippo Galli, Jesus Vera Aguilera, Belinda Palermo, Svetomir N. Markovic, Paola Nisticò, Alberto Signore,

Immune cells in cancer

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells play a key role against cancer. However, malignant cells are able to evade the immune response and establish a very complex balance in which different immune subtypes may drive tumor progression, metastatization and resistance to therapy. New immunotherapeutic approaches aim at restoring the natural balance and increase immune response against cancer by different mechanisms. The complexity of these interactions and the heterogeneity of immune cell subpopulations are a real challenge when trying to develop new immunotherapeutics and evaluate or predict their efficacy in vivo. To this purpose, molecular imaging can offer non-invasive diagnostic tools like radiopharmaceuticals, contrast agents or fluorescent dyes. These agents can be useful for preclinical and clinical purposes and can overcome [