First Report of Arthrinium arundinis Causing Leaf Edge Spot of Peach in China
2020; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 104; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-12-19-2666-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresZhao‐Lin Ji, S. W. Zhang, Feng Zhu, Bin Wan, R. Z. Liang,
Tópico(s)Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 11First Report of Arthrinium arundinis Causing Leaf Edge Spot of Peach in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Arthrinium arundinis Causing Leaf Edge Spot of Peach in ChinaZ. L. Ji, S. W. Zhang, F. Zhu, B. X. Wan, and R. Z. LiangZ. L. Ji†Corresponding authors: Z. L. Ji; E-mail Address: [email protected] and F. Zhu; E-mail Address: [email protected]http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2510-6429College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China, S. W. ZhangCollege of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China, F. Zhu†Corresponding authors: Z. L. Ji; E-mail Address: [email protected] and F. Zhu; E-mail Address: [email protected]http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6853-7291College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China, B. X. WanGuangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China, and R. Z. LiangGuangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, ChinaAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Z. L. Ji1 † S. W. Zhang1 F. Zhu1 † B. X. Wan2 R. Z. Liang2 1College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China 2Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China Published Online:31 Aug 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-19-2666-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articlePeach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) is one of the most cultivated fruit trees in China. During a survey in April 2018, a leaf edge spot disease was observed on peach leaves collected from Haiyang peach-growing area, Lingchuan County, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. The disease incidence of the most severely infected peach orchard reached 20 to 40%, with an area of about 2 ha. The symptoms first appeared as pale yellow spots along the leaf edges on both sides, with a width of 5 to 8 mm, subsequently turned into brown strip-shaped spots, withered, and detached from the healthy parts. But the two ends of strip-shaped diseased tissues were still connected to the leaves, and finally the diseased leaves fell off. The infected leaf samples were collected from the trees to perform the isolation of phytopathogenic fungi. Leaf samples were washed with tap water followed by distilled water. Tissues from the meeting point of healthy and infected regions were cut into small fragments (4 to 5 mm2), immersed in 0.5% NaOCl for 1 min, and rinsed in sterile distilled water three times. Then, these tissues were dried on sterilized filter paper and placed onto PDA plates that were incubated at 25°C and a 12-h photoperiod. Seven isolates were obtained and identified as the same fungus on the basis of morphological features. The colonies were initially grayish white or dirty white with less regular filiform edges and then turned into iron-gray with patches of dirty white, with moderate cotton-like aerial mycelia. Hyphae were smooth, hyaline, septate, and branched with constriction. Conidiophores mostly scattered, hyaline or pale brown, with black and thick septa, often unbranched. Conidiogenous cells pale brown, smooth, ampulliform, and 5.3 to 11.2 × 2.9 to 4.0 μm (n = 50). Conidia borne laterally on conidiophores, single-celled, spherical to ellipsoidal shape, brown, ranging from 4.4 to 11.9 × 3.3 to 9.2 μm (n = 50), generally spherical in surface view and lenticular in side view, with a pale equatorial slit. The morphological features of the one representative isolate, Gh-1, matched those of Arthrinium arundinis (Corda) Dyko & Sutton (Crous and Groenewald 2013; Martínez-Cano et al. 1992). To further identify the isolate by molecular analysis, genomic DNA was extracted (Fungal DNA Extraction Kit, Sangon Biotech, China) from mycelial mats on PDA plates. The 5.8S rDNA and its flanking internal transcribed spacer ITS1 and ITS2 regions (ITS), along with the 5′ end of the β-tubulin gene (TUB2), were amplified and sequenced with primer pairs ITS4-ITS5 (White et al. 1990) and T1-Bt2b (Glass and Donaldson 1995; O'Donnell and Cigelnik 1997), respectively. BLASTn analysis of ITS (589 bp, GenBank no. MK256947) and TUB2 (810 bp, MN242986) sequences revealed 99.83 and 100% identity with A. arundinis (ITS, KX533933; TUB2, KY705209), respectively. Based on these morphological and genetic characteristics, the fungus was identified as A. arundinis. To fulfill Koch's postulates, pathogenicity tests were conducted on healthy peach trees by inoculating conidial suspension (1.0 × 106/ml) of this isolate to needle wounds on the upper surface of leaves, whereas the controls were wounded and inoculated with sterile water. They were placed in a chamber at 25 ± 2°C and 12-h photoperiod, maintaining relative humidity above 90%. The lesions appeared 7 days after inoculation on leaves, and the symptoms were the same as those described above. However, no symptoms were observed in controls. The experiment was repeated three times with identical results, and the fungus was reisolated from the inoculated and diseased leaves, cultured, and identified as A. arundinis based on morphological features and molecular analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf edge spot on peach caused by A. arundinis in China and will provide useful information for developing effective control strategies.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Crous, P. W., and Groenewald, J. Z. 2013. IMA Fungus 4:133. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.01.13 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarGlass, N. L., and Donaldson, G. C. 1995. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:1323. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.61.4.1323-1330.1995 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarMartínez-Cano, C., et al. 1992. Plant Dis. 76:1077. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-76-1077B Crossref, Google ScholarO'Donnell, K., and Cigelnik, E. 1997. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 7:103. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1996.0376 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWhite, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Crossref, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: This work was supported by the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (CARS-30-3-02) and the Qing Lan Project of Yangzhou University.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 11 November 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionPlants of Echinacea purpurea affected by Verticillium dahliae (A. Garibaldi et al.). Photo credit: M. L. Gullino. Spinach plant infected with Stemphylium leaf spot (K. A. Spawton et al.). Photo credit: M. T. McGrath. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 30 Oct 2020Published: 31 Aug 2020First Look: 21 May 2020Accepted: 19 May 2020 Page: 3077 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingEarmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research SystemGrant/Award Number: CARS-30-3-02Qing Lan Project of Yangzhou UniversityKeywordsfungifruit treesetiologyThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF downloadCited byArthrinium arundinis, a Novel Causal Agent of Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) Culm Rhomboid Rot and Its Sensitivity to Fungicides2 October 2022 | Forests, Vol. 13, No. 10One New Species and Two New Host Records of Apiospora from Bamboo and Maize in Northern Thailand with Thirteen New Combinations11 October 2021 | Life, Vol. 11, No. 10
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